@article{kim_comparison_2023,
	title = {Comparison of {Stroke} {Care} {Costs} in {Urban} and {Nonurban} {Hospitals} and {Its} {Association} {With} {Outcomes} in {New} {Zealand}: {A} {Nationwide} {Economic} {Evaluation}},
	volume = {54},
	issn = {1524-4628},
	shorttitle = {Comparison of {Stroke} {Care} {Costs} in {Urban} and {Nonurban} {Hospitals} and {Its} {Association} {With} {Outcomes} in {New} {Zealand}},
	doi = {10.1161/STROKEAHA.122.040869},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Although geographical differences in treatment and outcomes after stroke have been described, we lack evidence on differences in the costs of treatment between urban and nonurban regions. Additionally, it is unclear whether greater costs in one setting are justified given the outcomes achieved. We aimed to compare costs and quality-adjusted life years in people with stroke admitted to urban and nonurban hospitals in New Zealand.
METHODS: Observational study of patients with stroke admitted to the 28 New Zealand acute stroke hospitals (10 in urban areas) recruited between May and October 2018. Data were collected up to 12 months poststroke including treatments in hospital, inpatient rehabilitation, other health service utilization, aged residential care, productivity, and health-related quality of life. Costs in New Zealand dollars were estimated from a societal perspective and assigned to the initial hospital that patients presented to. Unit prices for 2018 were obtained from government and hospital sources. Multivariable regression analyses were conducted when assessing differences between groups.
RESULTS: Of 1510 patients (median age 78 years, 48\% female), 607 presented to nonurban and 903 to urban hospitals. Mean hospital costs were greater in urban than nonurban hospitals (\$13 191 versus \$11 635, P=0.002), as were total costs to 12 months (\$22 381 versus \$17 217, P{\textless}0.001) and quality-adjusted life years to 12 months (0.54 versus 0.46, P{\textless}0.001). Differences in costs and quality-adjusted life years remained between groups after adjustment. Depending on the covariates included, costs per additional quality-adjusted life year in the urban hospitals compared to the nonurban hospitals ranged from \$65 038 (unadjusted) to \$136 125 (covariates: age, sex, prestroke disability, stroke type, severity, and ethnicity).
CONCLUSIONS: Better outcomes following initial presentation to urban hospitals were associated with greater costs compared to nonurban hospitals. These findings may inform greater targeted expenditure in some nonurban hospitals to improve access to treatment and optimize outcomes.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Stroke},
	author = {Kim, Joosup and Cadilhac, Dominique A. and Thompson, Stephanie and Gommans, John and Davis, Alan and Barber, P. Alan and Fink, John and Harwood, Matire and Levack, William and McNaughton, Harry and Abernethy, Virginia and Girvan, Jacqueline and Feigin, Valery and Denison, Hayley and Corbin, Marine and Wilson, Andrew and Douwes, Jeroen and Ranta, Anna},
	month = mar,
	year = {2023},
	pmid = {36848424},
	keywords = {Aged, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Female, Hospitalization, Hospitals, Urban, Humans, Male, New Zealand, Quality of Life, costs and cost analysis, geography, health inequities, quality-adjusted life year, stroke},
	pages = {848--856},
}

@article{team_study_investigators_and_the_anzics_clinical_trials_group_early_2022,
	title = {Early {Active} {Mobilization} during {Mechanical} {Ventilation} in the {ICU}},
	volume = {387},
	issn = {1533-4406},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2209083},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired weakness often develops in patients who are undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation. Early active mobilization may mitigate ICU-acquired weakness, increase survival, and reduce disability.
METHODS: We randomly assigned 750 adult patients in the ICU who were undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation to receive increased early mobilization (sedation minimization and daily physiotherapy) or usual care (the level of mobilization that was normally provided in each ICU). The primary outcome was the number of days that the patients were alive and out of the hospital at 180 days after randomization.
RESULTS: The median number of days that patients were alive and out of the hospital was 143 (interquartile range, 21 to 161) in the early-mobilization group and 145 days (interquartile range, 51 to 164) in the usual-care group (absolute difference, -2.0 days; 95\% confidence interval [CI], -10 to 6; P = 0.62). The mean (±SD) daily duration of active mobilization was 20.8±14.6 minutes and 8.8±9.0 minutes in the two groups, respectively (difference, 12.0 minutes per day; 95\% CI, 10.4 to 13.6). A total of 77\% of the patients in both groups were able to stand by a median interval of 3 days and 5 days, respectively (difference, -2 days; 95\% CI, -3.4 to -0.6). By day 180, death had occurred in 22.5\% of the patients in the early-mobilization group and in 19.5\% of those in the usual-care group (odds ratio, 1.15; 95\% CI, 0.81 to 1.65). Among survivors, quality of life, activities of daily living, disability, cognitive function, and psychological function were similar in the two groups. Serious adverse events were reported in 7 patients in the early-mobilization group and in 1 patient in the usual-care group. Adverse events that were potentially due to mobilization (arrhythmias, altered blood pressure, and desaturation) were reported in 34 of 371 patients (9.2\%) in the early-mobilization group and in 15 of 370 patients (4.1\%) in the usual-care group (P = 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS: Among adults undergoing mechanical ventilation in the ICU, an increase in early active mobilization did not result in a significantly greater number of days that patients were alive and out of the hospital than did the usual level of mobilization in the ICU. The intervention was associated with increased adverse events. (Funded by the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia and the Health Research Council of New Zealand; TEAM ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03133377.).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {19},
	journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},
	author = {{TEAM Study Investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group} and Hodgson, Carol L. and Bailey, Michael and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Brickell, Kathy and Broadley, Tessa and Buhr, Heidi and Gabbe, Belinda J. and Gould, Doug W. and Harrold, Meg and Higgins, Alisa M. and Hurford, Sally and Iwashyna, Theodore J. and Serpa Neto, Ary and Nichol, Alistair D. and Presneill, Jeffrey J. and Schaller, Stefan J. and Sivasuthan, Janani and Tipping, Claire J. and Webb, Steven and Young, Paul J.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36286256},
	keywords = {Activities of Daily Living, Adult, Critical Care, Early Ambulation, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Physical Therapy Modalities, Quality of Life, Respiration, Artificial},
	pages = {1747--1758},
}

@article{hodgson_incidence_2022,
	title = {Incidence of death or disability at 6 months after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in {Australia}: a prospective, multicentre, registry-embedded cohort study},
	volume = {10},
	issn = {2213-2619},
	shorttitle = {Incidence of death or disability at 6 months after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in {Australia}},
	doi = {10.1016/S2213-2600(22)00248-X},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an invasive procedure used to support critically ill patients with the most severe forms of cardiac or respiratory failure in the short term, but long-term effects on incidence of death and disability are unknown. We aimed to assess incidence of death or disability associated with ECMO up to 6 months (180 days) after treatment.
METHODS: This prospective, multicentre, registry-embedded cohort study was done at 23 hospitals in Australia from Feb 15, 2019, to Dec 31, 2020. The EXCEL registry included all adults (≥18 years) in Australia who were admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) in a participating centre at the time of the study and who underwent ECMO. All patients who received ECMO support for respiratory failure, cardiac failure, or cardiac arrest during their ICU stay were eligible for this study. The primary outcome was death or moderate-to-severe disability (defined using the WHO Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0, 12-item survey) at 6 months after ECMO initiation. We used Fisher's exact test to compare categorical variables. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03793257.
FINDINGS: Outcome data were available for 391 (88\%) of 442 enrolled patients. The primary outcome of death or moderate-to-severe disability at 6 months was reported in 260 (66\%) of 391 patients: 136 (67\%) of 202 who received veno-arterial (VA)-ECMO, 60 (54\%) of 111 who received veno-venous (VV)-ECMO, and 64 (82\%) of 78 who received extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (eCPR). After adjustment for age, comorbidities, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) IV score, days between ICU admission and ECMO start, and use of vasopressors before ECMO, death or moderate-to-severe disability was higher in patients who received eCPR than in those who received VV-ECMO (VV-ECMO vs eCPR: risk difference [RD] -32\% [95\% CI -49 to -15]; p\<0·001) but not VA-ECMO (VA-ECMO vs eCPR -8\% [-22 to 6]; p=0·27).
INTERPRETATION: In our study, only a third of patients were alive without moderate-to-severe disability at 6 months after initiation of ECMO. The finding that disability was common across all areas of functioning points to the need for long-term, multidisciplinary care and support for surviving patients who have had ECMO. Further studies are needed to understand the 180-day and longer-term prognosis of patients with different diagnoses receiving different modes of ECMO, which could have important implications for the selection of patients for ECMO and management strategies in the ICU.
FUNDING: The National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	journal = {The Lancet. Respiratory Medicine},
	author = {Hodgson, Carol L. and Higgins, Alisa M. and Bailey, Michael J. and Anderson, Shannah and Bernard, Stephen and Fulcher, Bentley J. and Koe, Denise and Linke, Natalie J. and Board, Jasmin V. and Brodie, Daniel and Buhr, Heidi and Burrell, Aidan J. C. and Cooper, D. James and Fan, Eddy and Fraser, John F. and Gattas, David J. and Hopper, Ingrid K. and Huckson, Sue and Litton, Edward and McGuinness, Shay P. and Nair, Priya and Orford, Neil and Parke, Rachael L. and Pellegrino, Vincent A. and Pilcher, David V. and Sheldrake, Jayne and Reddi, Benjamin A. J. and Stub, Dion and Trapani, Tony V. and Udy, Andrew A. and Serpa Neto, Ary and {EXCEL Study Investigators on behalf of the International ECMO Network and the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group}},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36174613},
	keywords = {Adult, Cohort Studies, Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation, Humans, Incidence, Prospective Studies, Registries, Respiratory Insufficiency, Retrospective Studies, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {1038--1048},
}

@article{kearns_response_2022,
	title = {Response to: '{Use} of computed tomography left atrial appendage as an alternative to trans-oesophageal echocardiography during the {COVID}-19 pandemic'},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {1754-9485},
	shorttitle = {Response to},
	doi = {10.1111/1754-9485.13466},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Imaging and Radiation Oncology},
	author = {Kearns, Ciléin and Arnold, David and Caswell-Smith, Peter},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36036438},
	keywords = {Atrial Appendage, COVID-19, Echocardiography, Transesophageal, Humans, Pandemics, Tomography, X-Ray Computed},
	pages = {964--965},
}

@article{kearns_how_2022,
	title = {How best to share research with study participants? {A} randomised crossover trial comparing a comic, lay summary, and scientific abstract},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {1745-3062},
	shorttitle = {How best to share research with study participants?},
	doi = {10.1080/17453054.2022.2056321},
	abstract = {Healthcare research is traditionally published in academic papers, coded in scientific language, and locked behind paywalls - an inaccessible form for many. Sharing research results with participants and the public in an appropriate, accessible manner, is an ethical practice directed in research guidance. Evidence-based recommendations for the medium used are scant, but science communication advice advocates principles which may be fulfilled well by the medium of comics. We report a randomised crossover study conducted online, comparing participant preferences for research results shared in the medium of a comic, a traditional lay text summary, and the control approach of a scientific abstract. 1236 respondents read all three summaries and ranked their most and least preferred formats. For the most preferred summary, the comic was chosen by 716 (57.9\%), lay summary by 321 (26.0\%), and scientific abstract by 199 (16.1\%) respondents. For the least preferred summary the scientific abstract was chosen by 614 (49.7\%), lay summary by 380 (30.7\%) and comic by 242 (19.6\%). Review of free-text responses identified key reasons for the majority preferring the comic over the others, which included finding this easier to read and understand, more enjoyable to consume, and more satisfactory as a medium of communication.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine},
	author = {Kearns, Ciléin and Eathorne, Allie and Kearns, Nethmi and Anderson, Augustus and Hatter, Lee and Semprini, Alex and Beasley, Richard},
	month = jul,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35382694},
	keywords = {Cartoon, Comics, Communication, Cross-Over Studies, Humans, graphic medicine, medical art and illustration, public engagement, science communication},
	pages = {172--181},
}

@article{kearns_estimating_2022,
	title = {Estimating the prevalence of drawing in clinical practice among kiwi doctors},
	volume = {45},
	issn = {1745-3062},
	doi = {10.1080/17453054.2022.2106197},
	abstract = {Drawing has played a key role in the development and dissemination of Medicine and Surgery, such as to share anatomy, pathology, and techniques for clinical interventions. While many of the visuals used in medicine today are created by medical illustration professionals, and by imaging techniques such as photography and radiography; many doctors continue to draw routinely in their clinical practice. This is known to be valued by patients, for example when making informed decisions about care. We surveyed doctors in New Zealand online regarding their use of drawing to explore the prevalence of this practice. 472 complete responses were obtained over 3 months. There were very high rates of drawing among responding doctors practicing in both medical and surgical specialties. Reasons for drawing are explored and included professional, collegial, and patient communication, supporting informed consent, clinical documentation, and for planning procedures. Widespread use of drawing in clinical practice, almost non-existent training or support for this in digital workflows, and high interest in resources to develop clinical drawing skills, suggest unmet training needs for this practical clinical communication tool.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Journal of Visual Communication in Medicine},
	author = {Kearns, Ciléin and Murton, Samantha and Oldfield, Karen and Anderson, Augustus and Eathorne, Allie and Beasley, Richard and Nacey, John and Jaye, Chrystal},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35942869},
	keywords = {Clinical Competence, Comics, Communication, Drawing, Humans, Informed Consent, Prevalence, Surveys and Questionnaires, clinical communication, informed consent, science communication, visual communication},
	pages = {234--241},
}

@article{kearns_repeated_2022,
	title = {Repeated dose budesonide/formoterol compared to salbutamol in adult asthma: {A} randomised cross-over trial},
	issn = {1399-3003},
	shorttitle = {Repeated dose budesonide/formoterol compared to salbutamol in adult asthma},
	doi = {10.1183/13993003.02309-2021},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine the comparative bronchodilator, systemic beta2-agonist, cardiovascular and adverse effects of salbutamol 200 µg and budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg when taken repeatedly in stable asthma.
METHODS: This open-label, cross-over, single-centre, controlled trial, randomised adults with asthma to different orders of two treatment regimens: salbutamol 200 µg via MDI at t=0, 30, 60, 90 min, then salbutamol 2.5 mg via nebuliser at t=120, 140, 160 and 420 min; or budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg one actuation via Turbuhaler at t=0, 30, 60, 90 min, two actuations at t=120, 140, 160 and 420 min. The primary outcome measure was FEV1 after 180 min. Secondary outcomes included repeat measures of FEV1, serum potassium, heart rate, and adverse events RESULTS: Of 39 patients randomised, two withdrew due to adverse events (QTCF prolongation and T wave abnormalities) after the first intervention with salbutamol. The mean (sd) change from baseline FEV1 180 min after randomisation for salbutamol and budesonide/formoterol regimens was 0.71 (0.46) L, N=38, and 0.58 (0.45) L, N=37, respectively; with a mean (sd) paired difference of -0.10 (0.40) L, N=37, and a model-based estimated difference (95\% CI) -0.12 (-0.25 to 0.02) L, p=0.088. In the main secondary analysis, salbutamol resulted in significantly greater FEV1 from 30 to 240 min, but lesser FEV1 at 360 and 420 min. Salbutamol resulted in a significantly lower serum potassium, and a higher heart rate and number of adverse events.
CONCLUSION: The comparative bronchodilator responses of repeated administration of salbutamol 200 µg dose-1 and budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg differed depending on the time of measurement. Salbutamol caused greater systemic beta2-agonist and cardiovascular effects and more adverse events.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {The European Respiratory Journal},
	author = {Kearns, Nethmi and Bruce, Pepa and Williams, Mathew and Doppen, Marjan and Black, Melissa and Weatherall, Mark and Beasley, Richard},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35115339},
	pages = {2102309},
}

@article{kearns_single_2022,
	title = {Single dose of budesonide/formoterol turbuhaler compared to salbutamol {pMDI} for speed of bronchodilator onset in asthma: a randomised cross-over trial},
	issn = {1468-3296},
	shorttitle = {Single dose of budesonide/formoterol turbuhaler compared to salbutamol {pMDI} for speed of bronchodilator onset in asthma},
	doi = {10.1136/thorax-2022-219052},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To compare bronchodilator response after to salbutamol and budesonide/formoterol in adults with stable asthma.
METHODS: A double-blind, cross-over, single-centre, placebo-controlled, non-inferiority trial. Adults with stable asthma were randomised to different orders of two treatment regimens: two actuations of placebo via MDI and one actuation of budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg via turbuhaler; and one actuation of placebo turbuhaler and two actuations of salbutamol 100 µg via MDI. The primary outcome measure was FEV1 after 2 min. Secondary outcome measures included FEV1, mBorg Dyspnoea Scale score and visual analogue score for breathlessness over 30 min.
RESULTS: Forty-nine of 50 potential participants were randomised. One participant withdrew following the first intervention visit and another could not be randomised due to COVID-19 restrictions. The mean (SD) change from baseline FEV1 2 min after treatment administration for budesonide/formoterol and salbutamol was 0.08 (0.14) L, n=49, and 0.17 (0.18) L, n=48, respectively, mean (95\% CI) paired difference of -0.097 L (-0.147 to -0.047), p=0.07, against a non-inferiority bound of -0.06 L. In the secondary analysis, FEV1 over 30 min was lower for budesonide/formoterol compared with salbutamol, difference (95\% CI): -0.10 (-0.12 to -0.08) L, p{\textless}0.001. There were no differences in Visual Analogue Scale score or mBorg Dyspnoea Scale score between treatments.
CONCLUSION: The results do not support the primary hypothesis of non-inferiority at the boundary of -0.06 L for the difference between budesonide/formoterol 200/6 µg compared with salbutamol 200 µg for FEV1 at 2 min, and could be consistent with inferiority with a p value of 0.07. For the secondary analysis of FEV1 measurements over time, the FEV1 was higher with salbutamol.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN 12619001387112).},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {Thorax},
	author = {Kearns, Nethmi and Williams, Mathew and Bruce, Pepa and Black, Melissa and Kearns, Ciléin and Sparks, Jenny and Braithwaite, Irene and Weatherall, Mark and Beasley, Richard},
	month = jul,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35851045},
	keywords = {asthma, inhaler devices},
	pages = {thoraxjnl--2022--219052},
}

@article{klontzas_anti-nmda-receptor_2022,
	title = {Anti-{NMDA}-{Receptor} {Encephalitis}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {1527-1323},
	doi = {10.1148/rg.220173},
	language = {eng},
	number = {7},
	journal = {Radiographics: A Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc},
	author = {Klontzas, Michail E. and Kearns, Ciléin and Sheikhbahaei, Sara and Cornejo, Patricia},
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36112524},
	keywords = {Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis, Humans},
	pages = {E199--E200},
}

@article{lamontagne_intravenous_2022,
	title = {Intravenous {Vitamin} {C} in {Adults} with {Sepsis} in the {Intensive} {Care} {Unit}},
	volume = {386},
	issn = {1533-4406},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2200644},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Studies that have evaluated the use of intravenous vitamin C in adults with sepsis who were receiving vasopressor therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU) have shown mixed results with respect to the risk of death and organ dysfunction.
METHODS: In this randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned adults who had been in the ICU for no longer than 24 hours, who had proven or suspected infection as the main diagnosis, and who were receiving a vasopressor to receive an infusion of either vitamin C (at a dose of 50 mg per kilogram of body weight) or matched placebo administered every 6 hours for up to 96 hours. The primary outcome was a composite of death or persistent organ dysfunction (defined by the use of vasopressors, invasive mechanical ventilation, or new renal-replacement therapy) on day 28.
RESULTS: A total of 872 patients underwent randomization (435 to the vitamin C group and 437 to the control group). The primary outcome occurred in 191 of 429 patients (44.5\%) in the vitamin C group and in 167 of 434 patients (38.5\%) in the control group (risk ratio, 1.21; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 to 1.40; P = 0.01). At 28 days, death had occurred in 152 of 429 patients (35.4\%) in the vitamin C group and in 137 of 434 patients (31.6\%) in the placebo group (risk ratio, 1.17; 95\% CI, 0.98 to 1.40) and persistent organ dysfunction in 39 of 429 patients (9.1\%) and 30 of 434 patients (6.9\%), respectively (risk ratio, 1.30; 95\% CI, 0.83 to 2.05). Findings were similar in the two groups regarding organ-dysfunction scores, biomarkers, 6-month survival, health-related quality of life, stage 3 acute kidney injury, and hypoglycemic episodes. In the vitamin C group, one patient had a severe hypoglycemic episode and another had a serious anaphylaxis event.
CONCLUSIONS: In adults with sepsis receiving vasopressor therapy in the ICU, those who received intravenous vitamin C had a higher risk of death or persistent organ dysfunction at 28 days than those who received placebo. (Funded by the Lotte and John Hecht Memorial Foundation; LOVIT ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03680274.).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {25},
	journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},
	author = {Lamontagne, François and Masse, Marie-Hélène and Menard, Julie and Sprague, Sheila and Pinto, Ruxandra and Heyland, Daren K. and Cook, Deborah J. and Battista, Marie-Claude and Day, Andrew G. and Guyatt, Gordon H. and Kanji, Salmaan and Parke, Rachael and McGuinness, Shay P. and Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath-Kumar and Annane, Djillali and Cohen, Dian and Arabi, Yaseen M. and Bolduc, Brigitte and Marinoff, Nicole and Rochwerg, Bram and Millen, Tina and Meade, Maureen O. and Hand, Lori and Watpool, Irene and Porteous, Rebecca and Young, Paul J. and D'Aragon, Frederick and Belley-Cote, Emilie P. and Carbonneau, Elaine and Clarke, France and Maslove, David M. and Hunt, Miranda and Chassé, Michaël and Lebrasseur, Martine and Lauzier, François and Mehta, Sangeeta and Quiroz-Martinez, Hector and Rewa, Oleksa G. and Charbonney, Emmanuel and Seely, Andrew J. E. and Kutsogiannis, Demetrios J. and LeBlanc, Remi and Mekontso-Dessap, Armand and Mele, Tina S. and Turgeon, Alexis F. and Wood, Gordon and Kohli, Sandeep S. and Shahin, Jason and Twardowski, Pawel and Adhikari, Neill K. J. and {LOVIT Investigators and the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group}},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35704292},
	keywords = {Adult, Ascorbic Acid, Humans, Hypoglycemic Agents, Intensive Care Units, Multiple Organ Failure, Quality of Life, Sepsis, Vasoconstrictor Agents, Vitamins},
	pages = {2387--2398},
}

@article{malik_allied_2022,
	title = {Allied health and complementary therapy usage in {Australian} women with chronic pelvic pain: a cross-sectional study},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1472-6874},
	shorttitle = {Allied health and complementary therapy usage in {Australian} women with chronic pelvic pain},
	doi = {10.1186/s12905-022-01618-z},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) causes non-cyclical pelvic pain, period pain, fatigue and other painful symptoms. Current medical and surgical management strategies are often not sufficient to manage these symptoms and may lead to uptake of other therapies.
AIMS: To determine the prevalence of allied health (AH) and complementary therapy (CM) use, the cost burden of these therapies and explore predictive factors for using allied health or complementary medicines.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An online cross-sectional questionnaire using the WERF EndoCost tool was undertaken between February to April 2017. People were eligible to participate in the survey if they were aged 18-45, living in Australia and had chronic pelvic pain.
RESULTS: From 409 responses, 340/409 (83\%) of respondents reported a diagnosis of endometriosis. One hundred and five (30\%) women with self-reported endometriosis, and thirteen (18\%) women with other forms of CPP saw at least one AH or CM practitioner in the previous two months, with physiotherapists and acupuncturists the most common. Women who accessed CM or AH services spent an average of \$480.32 AUD in the previous two months. A positive correlation was found between education and number of AH or CM therapies accessed in the past two months (p {\textless} 0.001) and between income level and number of therapists (p = 0.028).
CONCLUSIONS: Women with CPP commonly access AH and CM therapies, with a high out of pocket cost. The high cost and associations with income and education levels may warrant a change to policy to improve equitable access to these services.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {BMC women's health},
	author = {Malik, Astha and Sinclair, Justin and Ng, Cecilia H. M. and Smith, Caroline A. and Abbott, Jason and Armour, Mike},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35148773},
	pmcid = {PMC8832796},
	keywords = {Allied health, Australia, Chronic Pain, Complementary Therapies, Complementary medicine, Cost of illness, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endometriosis, Female, Humans, Pelvic Pain, Pelvic pain},
	pages = {37},
}

@article{mcguinness_pilot_2022,
	title = {A pilot randomized clinical trial of cryopreserved versus liquid-stored platelet transfusion for bleeding in cardiac surgery: {The} cryopreserved versus liquid platelet-{New} {Zealand} pilot trial},
	volume = {117},
	issn = {1423-0410},
	shorttitle = {A pilot randomized clinical trial of cryopreserved versus liquid-stored platelet transfusion for bleeding in cardiac surgery},
	doi = {10.1111/vox.13203},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Platelets for transfusion have a shelf-life of 7 days, limiting availability and leading to wastage. Cryopreservation at -80°C extends shelf-life to at least 1 year, but safety and effectiveness are uncertain.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single centre blinded pilot trial enrolled adult cardiac surgery patients who were at high risk of platelet transfusion. If treating clinicians determined platelet transfusion was required, up to three units of either cryopreserved or liquid-stored platelets intraoperatively or during intensive care unit admission were administered. The primary outcome was protocol safety and feasibility.
RESULTS: Over 13 months, 89 patients were randomized, 23 (25.8\%) of whom received a platelet transfusion. There were no differences in median blood loss up to 48 h between study groups, or in the quantities of study platelets or other blood components transfused. The median platelet concentration on the day after surgery was lower in the cryopreserved platelet group (122 × 103 /μl vs. 157 × 103 /μl, median difference 39.5 ×103 /μl, p = 0.03). There were no differences in any of the recorded safety outcomes, and no adverse events were reported on any patient. Multivariable adjustment for imbalances in baseline patient characteristics did not find study group to be a predictor of 24-h blood loss, red cell transfusion or a composite bleeding outcome.
CONCLUSION: This pilot randomized controlled trial demonstrated the feasibility of the protocol and adds to accumulating data supporting the safety of this intervention. Given the clear advantage of prolonged shelf-life, particularly for regional hospitals in New Zealand, a definitive non-inferiority phase III trial is warranted.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Vox Sanguinis},
	author = {McGuinness, Shay and Charlewood, Richard and Gilder, Eileen and Parke, Rachael and Hayes, Katia and Morley, Sarah and Al-Ibousi, Aous and Deans, Renae and Howe, Belinda and Johnson, Lacey and Marks, Denese C. and Reade, Michael C. and {Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists Clinical Trials Network} and {Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group}},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {34581452},
	keywords = {Adult, Blood Platelets, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cryopreservation, Humans, New Zealand, Pilot Projects, Platelet Transfusion, blood transfusion, cardiac surgical procedures, cryopreservation, haemorrhage, platelet transfusion},
	pages = {337--345},
}

@article{murphy_gastrointestinal_2022,
	title = {Gastrointestinal {Stromal} {Tumors} and their {Appearance} in {Patients} with {Neurofibromatosis} {Type} 1},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {1527-1323},
	doi = {10.1148/rg.220062},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Radiographics: A Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc},
	author = {Murphy, Alexandra N. and Kearns, Ciléin},
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35594199},
	keywords = {Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Humans, Neurofibromatosis 1},
	pages = {E111--E112},
}

@article{papi_albuterol-budesonide_2022,
	title = {Albuterol-{Budesonide} {Fixed}-{Dose} {Combination} {Rescue} {Inhaler} for {Asthma}},
	volume = {386},
	issn = {1533-4406},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2203163},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: As asthma symptoms worsen, patients typically rely on short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) rescue therapy, but SABAs do not address worsening inflammation, which leaves patients at risk for severe asthma exacerbations. The use of a fixed-dose combination of albuterol and budesonide, as compared with albuterol alone, as rescue medication might reduce the risk of severe asthma exacerbation.
METHODS: We conducted a multinational, phase 3, double-blind, randomized, event-driven trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of albuterol-budesonide, as compared with albuterol alone, as rescue medication in patients with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma who were receiving inhaled glucocorticoid-containing maintenance therapies, which were continued throughout the trial. Adults and adolescents (≥12 years of age) were randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio to one of three trial groups: a fixed-dose combination of 180 μg of albuterol and 160 μg of budesonide (with each dose consisting of two actuations of 90 μg and 80 μg, respectively [the higher-dose combination group]), a fixed-dose combination of 180 μg of albuterol and 80 μg of budesonide (with each dose consisting of two actuations of 90 μg and 40 μg, respectively [the lower-dose combination group]), or 180 μg of albuterol (with each dose consisting of two actuations of 90 μg [the albuterol-alone group]). Children 4 to 11 years of age were randomly assigned to only the lower-dose combination group or the albuterol-alone group. The primary efficacy end point was the first event of severe asthma exacerbation in a time-to-event analysis, which was performed in the intention-to-treat population.
RESULTS: A total of 3132 patients underwent randomization, among whom 97\% were 12 years of age or older. The risk of severe asthma exacerbation was significantly lower, by 26\%, in the higher-dose combination group than in the albuterol-alone group (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95\% confidence interval [CI], 0.62 to 0.89; P = 0.001). The hazard ratio in the lower-dose combination group, as compared with the albuterol-alone group, was 0.84 (95\% CI, 0.71 to 1.00; P = 0.052). The incidence of adverse events was similar in the three trial groups.
CONCLUSIONS: The risk of severe asthma exacerbation was significantly lower with as-needed use of a fixed-dose combination of 180 μg of albuterol and 160 μg of budesonide than with as-needed use of albuterol alone among patients with uncontrolled moderate-to-severe asthma who were receiving a wide range of inhaled glucocorticoid-containing maintenance therapies. (Funded by Avillion; MANDALA ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03769090.).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {22},
	journal = {The New England Journal of Medicine},
	author = {Papi, Alberto and Chipps, Bradley E. and Beasley, Richard and Panettieri, Reynold A. and Israel, Elliot and Cooper, Mark and Dunsire, Lynn and Jeynes-Ellis, Allison and Johnsson, Eva and Rees, Robert and Cappelletti, Christy and Albers, Frank C.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35569035},
	keywords = {Administration, Inhalation, Adolescent, Adult, Albuterol, Asthma, Budesonide, Child, Child, Preschool, Double-Blind Method, Drug Combinations, Ethanolamines, Formoterol Fumarate, Glucocorticoids, Humans, Maintenance Chemotherapy, Nebulizers and Vaporizers, Symptom Flare Up, Young Adult},
	pages = {2071--2083},
}

@article{oldfield_experiences_2022,
	title = {Experiences, patient interactions and knowledge regarding the use of cannabis as a medicine in a cohort of {New} {Zealand} doctors in an oncology setting},
	volume = {98},
	issn = {1469-0756},
	doi = {10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139013},
	abstract = {PURPOSE OF STUDY: To explore the experiences, patient interactions and knowledge regarding the use of cannabis as a medicine in New Zealand doctors in an oncology setting.
STUDY DESIGN: An observational cross-sectional survey undertaken between November 2019 and January 2020 across four secondary-care hospital oncology departments within New Zealand (Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin). Participants were a convenience sample of doctors; consultants, registrars, medical officers of special status and house surgeons working in oncology departments. Of 53 individuals approached, 45 participated (85\% Response Rate). The primary outcome was reporteddoctor-patient interactions. Secondary outcomes included knowledge of cannabis-based products, their efficacy, prescribing regulations and educational access.
RESULTS: Of 44 doctors, 37 (84\%, 95\% CI: 70 to 93) reported patient requests to prescribe cannabis-based products and 43 (98\%, 95\% CI: 88 to 100) reported patients using illicit cannabis for medical symptoms. Primary request reasons were pain, nausea/vomiting and cancer treatment. 33/45 (73\%, 95\% CI: 58 to 85) cited knowledge of at least one cannabis-based product and 27/45 (60\%, 95\% CI: 44 to 74) indicated at least one condition that had evidence of efficacy. 36/44 (82\%, 95\% CI: 67 to 92) expressed future prescribing concerns but all were willing to use a cannabis-based product developed with traditional medical provenance.
CONCLUSION: In the oncology setting, patients are asking doctors about symptomatic and curative treatment with cannabis-based products. Doctors are not biased against the use of products showing medical provenance; however, NZ-specific clinical and regulatory guidelines are essential to support patient discussions and appropriate prescribing.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1155},
	journal = {Postgraduate Medical Journal},
	author = {Oldfield, Karen and Eathorne, Allie and Tewhaiti-Smith, Jordan and Beasley, Richard and Semprini, Alex and Braithwaite, Irene},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {33218966},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Attitude of Health Personnel, Cannabis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Humans, Male, Medical Marijuana, Medicine, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, New Zealand, Oncology, Physician-Patient Relations, Physicians, chemotherapy, complementary medicine, education \& training (see medical education \& training), pain management},
	pages = {35--42},
}

@article{suddicu_investigators_for_the_australian_and_new_zealand_intensive_care_society_clinical_trials_group_effect_2022,
	title = {Effect of {Selective} {Decontamination} of the {Digestive} {Tract} on {Hospital} {Mortality} in {Critically} {Ill} {Patients} {Receiving} {Mechanical} {Ventilation}: {A} {Randomized} {Clinical} {Trial}},
	volume = {328},
	issn = {1538-3598},
	shorttitle = {Effect of {Selective} {Decontamination} of the {Digestive} {Tract} on {Hospital} {Mortality} in {Critically} {Ill} {Patients} {Receiving} {Mechanical} {Ventilation}},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.2022.17927},
	abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Whether selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) reduces mortality in critically ill patients remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether SDD reduces in-hospital mortality in critically ill adults.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cluster, crossover, randomized clinical trial that recruited 5982 mechanically ventilated adults from 19 intensive care units (ICUs) in Australia between April 2018 and May 2021 (final follow-up, August 2021). A contemporaneous ecological assessment recruited 8599 patients from participating ICUs between May 2017 and August 2021.
INTERVENTIONS: ICUs were randomly assigned to adopt or not adopt a SDD strategy for 2 alternating 12-month periods, separated by a 3-month interperiod gap. Patients in the SDD group (n = 2791) received a 6-hourly application of an oral paste and administration of a gastric suspension containing colistin, tobramycin, and nystatin for the duration of mechanical ventilation, plus a 4-day course of an intravenous antibiotic with a suitable antimicrobial spectrum. Patients in the control group (n = 3191) received standard care.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality within 90 days. There were 8 secondary outcomes, including the proportion of patients with new positive blood cultures, antibiotic-resistant organisms (AROs), and Clostridioides difficile infections. For the ecological assessment, a noninferiority margin of 2\% was prespecified for 3 outcomes including new cultures of AROs.
RESULTS: Of 5982 patients (mean age, 58.3 years; 36.8\% women) enrolled from 19 ICUs, all patients completed the trial. There were 753/2791 (27.0\%) and 928/3191 (29.1\%) in-hospital deaths in the SDD and standard care groups, respectively (mean difference, -1.7\% [95\% CI, -4.8\% to 1.3\%]; odds ratio, 0.91 [95\% CI, 0.82-1.02]; P = .12). Of 8 prespecified secondary outcomes, 6 showed no significant differences. In the SDD vs standard care groups, 23.1\% vs 34.6\% had new ARO cultures (absolute difference, -11.0\%; 95\% CI, -14.7\% to -7.3\%), 5.6\% vs 8.1\% had new positive blood cultures (absolute difference, -1.95\%; 95\% CI, -3.5\% to -0.4\%), and 0.5\% vs 0.9\% had new C difficile infections (absolute difference, -0.24\%; 95\% CI, -0.6\% to 0.1\%). In 8599 patients enrolled in the ecological assessment, use of SDD was not shown to be noninferior with regard to the change in the proportion of patients who developed new AROs (-3.3\% vs -1.59\%; mean difference, -1.71\% [1-sided 97.5\% CI, -∞ to 4.31\%] and 0.88\% vs 0.55\%; mean difference, -0.32\% [1-sided 97.5\% CI, -∞ to 5.47\%]) in the first and second periods, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Among critically ill patients receiving mechanical ventilation, SDD, compared with standard care without SDD, did not significantly reduce in-hospital mortality. However, the confidence interval around the effect estimate includes a clinically important benefit.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02389036.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {19},
	journal = {JAMA},
	author = {{SuDDICU Investigators for the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group} and Myburgh, John A. and Seppelt, Ian M. and Goodman, Fiona and Billot, Laurent and Correa, Maryam and Davis, Joshua S. and Gordon, Anthony C. and Hammond, Naomi E. and Iredell, Jon and Li, Qiang and Micallef, Sharon and Miller, Jennene and Mysore, Jayanthi and Taylor, Colman and Young, Paul J. and Cuthbertson, Brian H. and Finfer, Simon R.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36286097},
	pmcid = {PMC9607966},
	keywords = {Administration, Intravenous, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteremia, Critical Illness, Cross Infection, Cross-Over Studies, Decontamination, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Female, Gastrointestinal Tract, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated, Respiration, Artificial},
	pages = {1911--1921},
}

@article{parke_transfusion_2022,
	title = {Transfusion practice in patients undergoing cardiac surgery in {New} {Zealand}-impact of the {TRICS} {III} study (the {TRICS} {TRIPS} study)},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {1175-8716},
	abstract = {AIM: Cardiac surgery is the largest perioperative user of donated blood products. There is significant uncertainty as to the optimal threshold for RBC transfusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with little evidence to guide practice. We wished to determine whether the results of a large randomised controlled trial had changed practice.
METHODS: A prospective observational study of red blood cell (RBC) transfusions of patients undergoing cardiac surgery utilising cardiopulmonary bypass was undertaken as well as a cross-sectional self-administered online practice survey of clinicians ordering red blood cell transfusions in all publicly funded cardiac centres in New Zealand.
RESULTS: Significantly more transfusions were administered to a pre-transfusion haemoglobin {\textless}75g/L and thus considered in agreement with the restrictive arm of the TRICS III study after completion of TRICS III study enrolment and before results were known (T1)=44\% when compared to after results were known (T2=56.7\%, p=0.01). Most respondents in the clinician survey had participated in the TRICS III study.
CONCLUSIONS: After the publication of the findings of a large multi-national clinical trial, clinicians involved in the care of cardiac surgery patients were more restrictive in their administration of red blood cell transfusions than before the trial findings were published.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1562},
	journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
	author = {Parke, Rachael L. and Cavadino, Alana and McGuinness, Shay P.},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36137765},
	keywords = {Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cross-Sectional Studies, Erythrocyte Transfusion, Hemoglobins, Humans, New Zealand},
	pages = {34--47},
}

@article{poole_effect_2022,
	title = {The {Effect} of a {Liberal} {Approach} to {Glucose} {Control} in {Critically} {Ill} {Patients} with {Type} 2 {Diabetes}: {A} {Multicenter}, {Parallel}-{Group}, {Open}-{Label} {Randomized} {Clinical} {Trial}},
	volume = {206},
	issn = {1073-449X, 1535-4970},
	shorttitle = {The {Effect} of a {Liberal} {Approach} to {Glucose} {Control} in {Critically} {Ill} {Patients} with {Type} 2 {Diabetes}},
	url = {https://www.atsjournals.org/doi/10.1164/rccm.202202-0329OC},
	doi = {10.1164/rccm.202202-0329OC},
	language = {en},
	number = {7},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine},
	author = {Poole, Alexis P. and Finnis, Mark E. and Anstey, James and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Bihari, Shailesh and Biradar, Vishwanath and Doherty, Sarah and Eastwood, Glenn and Finfer, Simon and French, Craig J. and Heller, Simon and Horowitz, Michael and Kar, Palash and Kruger, Peter S. and Maiden, Matthew J. and Mårtensson, Johan and McArthur, Colin J. and McGuinness, Shay P. and Secombe, Paul J. and Tobin, Antony E. and Udy, Andrew A. and Young, Paul J. and Deane, Adam M. and Schultz, Rebecca and Secombe, Paul and Butler, Magdalena and Cowdrey, Keri-Anne and Gilder, Eileen and McGuinness, Shay and O’Connor, Karina and Parke, Rachael and Ryan, Samantha and Woolett, Melissa and Chen, Yan and McArthur, Colin and McConnochie, Rachael and Newby, Lynette and Simmonds, Catherine and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Eastwood, Glenn and Peck, Leah and Young, Helen and Bihari, Shailesh and Comerford, Sharon and Jin, Xia and Bates, Samantha and French, Craig and Marshall, Fiona and McEldrew, Rebecca and Morgan, Rebecca and Tippett, Anna and Towns, Miriam and Morrison, Lynette and Sutton, Joanne and White, Hayden and Biradar, Vishwanath and Soar, Natalie and Harward, Meg and Kruger, Peter and Mackay, Josephine and Meyer, Jason and Saylor, Emma and Wetzig, Krista and Brown, Nerissa and Finnis, Mark and Glasby, Kathleen and O’Connor, Stephanie and Poole, Alex and Rivett, Justine and Anstey, James and Barge, Deborah and Byrne, Kathleen and Clancy, Annabelle and Deane, Adam and Driscoll, Alana and Barbazza, Leanne and Holmes, Jennifer and Smith, Roger and Tobin, Anthony and Bates, Samantha and French, Craig and Marshall, Fiona and McEldrew, Rebecca and Morgan, Rebecca and Tippett, Anna and Towns, Miriam and Board, Jasmin and Martin, Emma and McCracken, Phoebe and Udy, Andrew and Vallance, Shirley and Young, Meredith and Bone, Allison and Horton, Michelle and Maiden, Matthew and Salerno, Tania and Trickey, Jemma and Latimer-Bell, Charlie and Delaney, Kirsha and Hendry, Deborah and Lawrence, Cassie and Lesona, Eden and Milington, Alexandra and Navarra, Leanlove and Olatunji, Shaanti and Cruz, Raulle Sol and Cruz, Rose Sol and Young, Chelsea and Young, Paul},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {874--882},
}

@article{rao_global_2022,
	title = {A {Global} {Survey} of {Ethnic} {Indian} {Women} {Living} with {Polycystic} {Ovary} {Syndrome}: {Co}-{Morbidities}, {Concerns}, {Diagnosis} {Experiences}, {Quality} of {Life}, and {Use} of {Treatment} {Methods}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	shorttitle = {A {Global} {Survey} of {Ethnic} {Indian} {Women} {Living} with {Polycystic} {Ovary} {Syndrome}},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph192315850},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy that is highly prevalent in women of Indian ethnicity. Clinical practice guidelines do not adequately consider ethnic-cultural differences in the diagnosing and care of women with PCOS. This study aimed to understand co-morbidities, key concerns, quality of life (QoL), and diagnosis experiences of ethnic Indian women living with PCOS.
METHODS: Global online survey of ethnic Indian women of reproductive age living with PCOS.
RESULTS: Respondents (n = 4409) had a mean age of 26.8 (SD 5.5) years and reported having a family history of type 2 diabetes (43\%) and PCOS (18\%). Most of them (64\%) were diagnosed with one or more co-morbidities (anxiety/depression being the most common). Irregular periods, cysts on the ovaries, and excess unwanted facial hair growth were their three top concerns. On average, women experienced symptoms of PCOS at the age of 19.0 (SD 5.0) and were diagnosed at the age of 20.8 years (SD 4.8). We report a one-year delay in seeking medical help and a seven-month diagnostic delay, which were associated with poor satisfaction with the information provided related to PCOS and its treatment options (p {\textless} 0.01). Women living outside India reported difficulty losing weight as their most key concern; however, they had higher dissatisfaction with the information provided on diet (OR, 0.74; 95\% CI, 0.6 to 0.8; p = 0.002), exercise (OR, 0.74; 95\% CI, 0.6 to 0.9; p = 0.002) and behavioural advice (OR, 0.74; 95\% CI, 0.6 to 0.9; p = 0.004) than women living in India. Most women reported poor QoL in weight and emotion domains.
CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic Indian women experience early onset of PCOS symptoms and delay in seeking professional help. Timely diagnosis, providing cultural-specific education related to lifestyle and weight management, and improving psycho-emotional support are key areas that should be addressed in clinical practice and future research.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {23},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	author = {Rao, Vibhuti Samarth and Cowan, Stephanie and Armour, Mike and Smith, Caroline A. and Cheema, Birinder S. and Moran, Lisa and Lim, Siew and Gupta, Sabrina and Manincor, Michael De and Sreedhar, Vikram and Ee, Carolyn},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36497927},
	pmcid = {PMC9740300},
	keywords = {Adult, Delayed Diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Indian migrant women, Indian women, Menstruation Disturbances, PCOS, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Quality of Life, Young Adult, diagnosis, key concerns, polycystic ovary syndrome, quality of life, satisfaction, survey, treatment methods},
	pages = {15850},
}

@article{reade_cryopreserved_2022,
	title = {Cryopreserved platelets compared with liquid-stored platelets for the treatment of surgical bleeding: protocol for two multicentre randomised controlled blinded non-inferiority trials (the {CLIP}-{II} and {CLIPNZ}-{II} trials)},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2044-6055},
	shorttitle = {Cryopreserved platelets compared with liquid-stored platelets for the treatment of surgical bleeding},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068933},
	abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Cryopreservation at -80°C in dimethylsulphoxide extends platelet shelf-life from 7 days to 2 years. Only limited comparative trial data supports the safety and effectiveness of cryopreserved platelets as a treatment for surgical bleeding. Cryopreserved platelets are not currently registered for civilian use in most countries.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS: CLIP-II and CLIPNZ-II are harmonised, blinded, multicentre, randomised, controlled clinical non-inferiority trials comparing bleeding, transfusion, safety and cost outcomes associated with cryopreserved platelets versus conventional liquid platelets as treatment for bleeding in cardiac surgery. CLIP-II is planning to enrol patients in 12 tertiary hospitals in Australia; CLIPNZ-II will recruit in five tertiary hospitals in New Zealand. The trials use near-identical protocols aside from details of cryopreserved platelet preparation. Patients identified preoperatively as being at high risk of requiring a platelet transfusion receive up to three units of study platelets if their treating doctor considers platelet transfusion is indicated. The primary endpoint is blood loss through the surgical drains in the 24 hours following intensive care unit (ICU) admission after surgery. Other endpoints are blood loss at other time points, potential complications, adverse reactions, transfusion and fluid requirement, requirement for procoagulant treatments, time to commencement of postoperative anticoagulants, delay between platelet order and commencement of infusion, need for reoperation, laboratory and point-of-care clotting indices, cost, length of mechanical ventilation, ICU and hospital stay, and mortality. Transfusing 202 (CLIP-II) or 228 (CLIPNZ-II) patients with study platelets will provide 90\% power to exclude the possibility of greater than 20\% inferiority in the primary endpoint. If cryopreserved platelets are not inferior to liquid-stored platelets, the advantages of longer shelf-life would justify rapid change in clinical practice. Cost-effectiveness analyses will be incorporated into each study such that, should clinical non-inferiority compared with standard care be demonstrated, the hospitals in each country that would benefit most from changing to a cryopreserved platelet blood bank will be known.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: CLIP-II was approved by the Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/54406/Austin-2019) and by the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood Ethics Committee (2019\#23). CLIPNZ-II was approved by the New Zealand Southern Health and Disability Ethics Committee (21/STH/66). Eligible patients are approached for informed consent at least 1 day prior to surgery. There is no provision for consent provided by a substitute decision-maker. The results of the two trials will be submitted separately for publication in peer-reviewed journals.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBERS: NCT03991481 and ACTRN12621000271808.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {12},
	journal = {BMJ open},
	author = {Reade, Michael C. and Marks, Denese C. and Howe, Belinda and McGuinness, Shay and Parke, Rachael and Navarra, Leanlove and Charlewood, Richard and Johnson, Lacey and McQuilten, Zoe and {CLIP-II and CLIPNZ-II Investigators.} and {CLIP-II and CLIPNZ-II Investigators}},
	month = dec,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36600425},
	pmcid = {PMC9772641},
	keywords = {Adult anaesthesia, Adult intensive \& critical care, Anticoagulants, Australia, Blood Loss, Surgical, Blood Platelets, Blood bank \& transfusion medicine, Cardiac surgery, Cryopreservation, Equivalence Trials as Topic, Humans, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic},
	pages = {e068933},
}

@article{reid_outcomes_2022,
	title = {Outcomes for {Māori} and {European} patients admitted to {New} {Zealand} intensive care units between 2009 and 2018},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {1175-8716},
	abstract = {AIM: To describe characteristics and outcomes of Māori and European patients admitted to New Zealand intensive care units (ICUs) between 2009 and 2018.
METHODS: A retrospectively designed prospective cohort study. New Zealand Ministry of Health National Minimum Dataset matched to the Australia New Zealand Intensive Care Society Centre for Outcome and Resource Evaluation Adult Patient Database. The primary outcome was day-180 mortality. Secondary outcomes were ICU mortality, hospital mortality, discharge to home, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay and survival time. We report associations between Māori ethnicity and each outcome, with European as the reference category, using regression analyses to adjust sequentially for site, deprivation status, sex, year of admission, the Charlson comorbidity index, age, admission source and type, ICU admission diagnosis, ventilation status and illness severity based on physiological parameters.
RESULTS: Māori admitted to ICU were on average 13 years younger than European patients. A total of 968 of 9,681 (10\%) Māori and 2,732 of 42,871 (5.2\%) European patients were admitted after trauma, and 740 of 9,681 (7.6\%) and 2,318 of 42,871 (4.4\%) were admitted with sepsis respectively. A total of 1,550 of 9,681 (16.0\%) Māori and 6,407 of 42,871 (14.9\%) European patients died within 180 days of ICU admission; odds ratio (OR) 1.08; 95\% CI, 1.02 to 1.15. When adjusted for age, the OR for day-180 mortality for Māori versus European patients increased substantially. The OR decreased after adjustment for admission source and type, and after accounting for Māori having a higher comorbidity index and more severe illness than European patients. In the final model, incorporating adjustment for all specified variables, Māori ethnicity was not associated with day-180 mortality (adjusted OR 1.01; 95\%CI, 0.92 to 1.10). Findings were similar for all secondary outcomes.
CONCLUSIONS: Compared to European patients, Māori were markedly more likely to be admitted to the ICU after trauma or with sepsis. Despite Māori being on average 13 years younger at ICU admission than their European counterparts, they had more co-morbidities, higher illness severity and a higher risk of dying within 180 days.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1550},
	journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
	author = {Reid, Alice L. and Bailey, Michael and Harwood, Matire and Moore, James E. and Young, Paul J.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35728151},
	keywords = {Adult, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Length of Stay, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, New Zealand, Prospective Studies, Retrospective Studies, Sepsis},
	pages = {26--46},
}

@article{robba_oxygen_2022,
	title = {Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest: a pre-planned sub-analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after {Out}-of-{Hospital} {Cardiac} {Arrest} ({TTM2}) trial},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1466-609X},
	shorttitle = {Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest},
	doi = {10.1186/s13054-022-04186-8},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Optimal oxygen targets in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest are uncertain. The primary aim of this study was to describe the values of partial pressure of oxygen values (PaO2) and the episodes of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia occurring within the first 72 h of mechanical ventilation in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association of PaO2 with patients' outcome.
METHODS: Preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after OHCA (TTM2) trial. Arterial blood gases values were collected from randomization every 4 h for the first 32 h, and then, every 8 h until day 3. Hypoxemia was defined as PaO2 {\textless} 60 mmHg and severe hyperoxemia as PaO2 {\textgreater} 300 mmHg. Mortality and poor neurological outcome (defined according to modified Rankin scale) were collected at 6 months.
RESULTS: 1418 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64 ± 14 years, and 292 patients (20.6\%) were female. 24.9\% of patients had at least one episode of hypoxemia, and 7.6\% of patients had at least one episode of severe hyperoxemia. Both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia were independently associated with 6-month mortality, but not with poor neurological outcome. The best cutoff point associated with 6-month mortality for hypoxemia was 69 mmHg (Risk Ratio, RR = 1.009, 95\% CI 0.93-1.09), and for hyperoxemia was 195 mmHg (RR = 1.006, 95\% CI 0.95-1.06). The time exposure, i.e., the area under the curve (PaO2-AUC), for hyperoxemia was significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS: In OHCA patients, both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia are associated with 6-months mortality, with an effect mediated by the timing exposure to high values of oxygen. Precise titration of oxygen levels should be considered in this group of patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02908308 , Registered September 20, 2016.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Critical Care (London, England)},
	author = {Robba, Chiara and Badenes, Rafael and Battaglini, Denise and Ball, Lorenzo and Sanfilippo, Filippo and Brunetti, Iole and Jakobsen, Janus Christian and Lilja, Gisela and Friberg, Hans and Wendel-Garcia, Pedro David and Young, Paul J. and Eastwood, Glenn and Chew, Michelle S. and Unden, Johan and Thomas, Matthew and Joannidis, Michael and Nichol, Alistair and Lundin, Andreas and Hollenberg, Jacob and Hammond, Naomi and Saxena, Manoj and Martin, Annborn and Solar, Miroslav and Taccone, Fabio Silvio and Dankiewicz, Josef and Nielsen, Niklas and Grejs, Anders Morten and Ebner, Florian and Pelosi, Paolo and {TTM2 Trial collaborators}},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36271410},
	pmcid = {PMC9585831},
	keywords = {Aged, Cardiac arrest, Female, Humans, Hyperoxemia, Hypothermia, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Neurological outcome, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Oxygen, Partial Pressure},
	pages = {323},
}

@article{robba_oxygen_2022-1,
	title = {Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest: a pre-planned sub-analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after {Out}-of-{Hospital} {Cardiac} {Arrest} ({TTM2}) trial},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1466-609X},
	shorttitle = {Oxygen targets and 6-month outcome after out of hospital cardiac arrest},
	doi = {10.1186/s13054-022-04186-8},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Optimal oxygen targets in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest are uncertain. The primary aim of this study was to describe the values of partial pressure of oxygen values (PaO2) and the episodes of hypoxemia and hyperoxemia occurring within the first 72 h of mechanical ventilation in out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. The secondary aim was to evaluate the association of PaO2 with patients' outcome.
METHODS: Preplanned secondary analysis of the targeted hypothermia versus targeted normothermia after OHCA (TTM2) trial. Arterial blood gases values were collected from randomization every 4 h for the first 32 h, and then, every 8 h until day 3. Hypoxemia was defined as PaO2 {\textless} 60 mmHg and severe hyperoxemia as PaO2 {\textgreater} 300 mmHg. Mortality and poor neurological outcome (defined according to modified Rankin scale) were collected at 6 months.
RESULTS: 1418 patients were included in the analysis. The mean age was 64 ± 14 years, and 292 patients (20.6\%) were female. 24.9\% of patients had at least one episode of hypoxemia, and 7.6\% of patients had at least one episode of severe hyperoxemia. Both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia were independently associated with 6-month mortality, but not with poor neurological outcome. The best cutoff point associated with 6-month mortality for hypoxemia was 69 mmHg (Risk Ratio, RR = 1.009, 95\% CI 0.93-1.09), and for hyperoxemia was 195 mmHg (RR = 1.006, 95\% CI 0.95-1.06). The time exposure, i.e., the area under the curve (PaO2-AUC), for hyperoxemia was significantly associated with mortality (p = 0.003).
CONCLUSIONS: In OHCA patients, both hypoxemia and hyperoxemia are associated with 6-months mortality, with an effect mediated by the timing exposure to high values of oxygen. Precise titration of oxygen levels should be considered in this group of patients.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: clinicaltrials.gov NCT02908308 , Registered September 20, 2016.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Critical Care (London, England)},
	author = {Robba, Chiara and Badenes, Rafael and Battaglini, Denise and Ball, Lorenzo and Sanfilippo, Filippo and Brunetti, Iole and Jakobsen, Janus Christian and Lilja, Gisela and Friberg, Hans and Wendel-Garcia, Pedro David and Young, Paul J. and Eastwood, Glenn and Chew, Michelle S. and Unden, Johan and Thomas, Matthew and Joannidis, Michael and Nichol, Alistair and Lundin, Andreas and Hollenberg, Jacob and Hammond, Naomi and Saxena, Manoj and Martin, Annborn and Solar, Miroslav and Taccone, Fabio Silvio and Dankiewicz, Josef and Nielsen, Niklas and Grejs, Anders Morten and Ebner, Florian and Pelosi, Paolo and {TTM2 Trial collaborators}},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36271410},
	pmcid = {PMC9585831},
	keywords = {Aged, Cardiac arrest, Female, Humans, Hyperoxemia, Hypothermia, Hypoxemia, Hypoxia, Male, Middle Aged, Mortality, Neurological outcome, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Oxygen, Partial Pressure},
	pages = {323},
}

@article{sabag_effect_2022,
	title = {The {Effect} of {High}-intensity {Interval} {Training} vs {Moderate}-intensity {Continuous} {Training} on {Liver} {Fat}: {A} {Systematic} {Review} and {Meta}-{Analysis}},
	volume = {107},
	issn = {1945-7197},
	shorttitle = {The {Effect} of {High}-intensity {Interval} {Training} vs {Moderate}-intensity {Continuous} {Training} on {Liver} {Fat}},
	doi = {10.1210/clinem/dgab795},
	abstract = {CONTEXT: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, characterized by excess fat accumulation in the liver, is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Recent findings have shown that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) can reduce liver fat but it is unclear whether this form of exercise is superior to traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT).
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this systematic review was to determine the effect of HIIT vs MICT on liver fat in adults. A secondary aim was to investigate the interaction between total weekly exercise volume and exercise-related energy expenditure and change in liver fat.
METHODS: Relevant databases were searched up to December 2020 for randomized trials, comparing HIIT to control, MICT to control, or HIIT to MICT. Studies were excluded if they did not implement 2 or more weeks' intervention or assess liver fat using magnetic resonance-based techniques. Weighted mean differences and 95\% CIs were calculated. Regression analyses were undertaken to determine the interaction between weekly exercise volume in minutes and kilocalories (kcal) with change in liver fat content.
RESULTS: Of the 28 268 studies screened, 19 were included involving 745 participants. HIIT and MICT both elicited moderate reductions in liver fat content when compared to control (HIIT: -2.85\%, 95\% CI, -4.86 to -0.84, P = .005, I2 = 0\%, n = 114, low-certainty evidence; MICT: -3.14\%, 95\% CI, -4.45 to -1.82, P {\textless} .001, I2 = 5.2\%, n = 533, moderate-certainty evidence). There was no difference between HIIT and MICT (-0.34\%, 95\% CI, -2.20 to 1.52, P = .721, I2 = 0\%, n = 177, moderate-certainty evidence). Neither total exercise volume in minutes (β = .0002, SE = 0.0017, Z = 0.13, P = .89) nor exercise-related energy expenditure in kcal (β = .0003, SE = 0.0002, Z = 1.21, P = .23) were related to changes in liver fat content.
CONCLUSION: HIIT elicits comparable improvements in liver fat to MICT despite often requiring less energy and time commitment. Further studies should be undertaken to assess the relative importance of aerobic exercise prescription variables, such as intensity, on liver fat.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism},
	author = {Sabag, Angelo and Barr, Loren and Armour, Mike and Armstrong, Alex and Baker, Callum J. and Twigg, Stephen M. and Chang, Dennis and Hackett, Daniel A. and Keating, Shelley E. and George, Jacob and Johnson, Nathan A.},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {34724062},
	keywords = {Body Mass Index, Exercise Therapy, HIIT, High-Intensity Interval Training, Humans, Liver, MICT, Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, Treatment Outcome, aerobic exercise, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, obesity, physical activity},
	pages = {862--881},
}

@article{schlapbach_effect_2022,
	title = {Effect of {Nitric} {Oxide} via {Cardiopulmonary} {Bypass} on {Ventilator}-{Free} {Days} in {Young} {Children} {Undergoing} {Congenital} {Heart} {Disease} {Surgery}: {The} {NITRIC} {Randomized} {Clinical} {Trial}},
	volume = {328},
	issn = {1538-3598},
	shorttitle = {Effect of {Nitric} {Oxide} via {Cardiopulmonary} {Bypass} on {Ventilator}-{Free} {Days} in {Young} {Children} {Undergoing} {Congenital} {Heart} {Disease} {Surgery}},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.2022.9376},
	abstract = {IMPORTANCE: In children undergoing heart surgery, nitric oxide administered into the gas flow of the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator may reduce postoperative low cardiac output syndrome, leading to improved recovery and shorter duration of respiratory support. It remains uncertain whether nitric oxide administered into the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator improves ventilator-free days (days alive and free from mechanical ventilation).
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of nitric oxide applied into the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator vs standard care on ventilator-free days in children undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Double-blind, multicenter, randomized clinical trial in 6 pediatric cardiac surgical centers in Australia, New Zealand, and the Netherlands. A total of 1371 children younger than 2 years undergoing congenital heart surgery were randomized between July 2017 and April 2021, with 28-day follow-up of the last participant completed on May 24, 2021.
INTERVENTIONS: Patients were assigned to receive nitric oxide at 20 ppm delivered into the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator (n = 679) or standard care cardiopulmonary bypass without nitric oxide (n = 685).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end point was the number of ventilator-free days from commencement of bypass until day 28. There were 4 secondary end points including a composite of low cardiac output syndrome, extracorporeal life support, or death; length of stay in the intensive care unit; length of stay in the hospital; and postoperative troponin levels.
RESULTS: Among 1371 patients who were randomized (mean [SD] age, 21.2 [23.5] weeks; 587 girls [42.8\%]), 1364 (99.5\%) completed the trial. The number of ventilator-free days did not differ significantly between the nitric oxide and standard care groups, with a median of 26.6 days (IQR, 24.4 to 27.4) vs 26.4 days (IQR, 24.0 to 27.2), respectively, for an absolute difference of -0.01 days (95\% CI, -0.25 to 0.22; P = .92). A total of 22.5\% of the nitric oxide group and 20.9\% of the standard care group developed low cardiac output syndrome within 48 hours, needed extracorporeal support within 48 hours, or died by day 28, for an adjusted odds ratio of 1.12 (95\% CI, 0.85 to 1.47). Other secondary outcomes were not significantly different between the groups.
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In children younger than 2 years undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass surgery for congenital heart disease, the use of nitric oxide via cardiopulmonary bypass did not significantly affect the number of ventilator-free days. These findings do not support the use of nitric oxide delivered into the cardiopulmonary bypass oxygenator during heart surgery.
TRIAL REGISTRATION: anzctr.org.au Identifier: ACTRN12617000821392.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {JAMA},
	author = {Schlapbach, Luregn J. and Gibbons, Kristen S. and Horton, Stephen B. and Johnson, Kerry and Long, Debbie A. and Buckley, David H. F. and Erickson, Simon and Festa, Marino and d'Udekem, Yves and Alphonso, Nelson and Winlaw, David S. and Delzoppo, Carmel and van Loon, Kim and Jones, Mark and Young, Paul J. and Butt, Warwick and Schibler, Andreas and {NITRIC Study Group, the Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group (ANZICS CTG), and the ANZICS Paediatric Study Group (PSG)}},
	month = jul,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35759691},
	pmcid = {PMC9237803},
	keywords = {Australia, Cardiac Output, Low, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiopulmonary Bypass, Double-Blind Method, Female, Heart Defects, Congenital, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nitric Oxide, Oxygenators, Recovery of Function, Respiration, Artificial, Respiratory Insufficiency, Respiratory System Agents, Syndrome},
	pages = {38--47},
}

@article{sheikhbahaei_malignant_2022,
	title = {Malignant {Paraganglioma} with {Brown} {Adipose} {Tissue} {Activation}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {1527-1323},
	doi = {10.1148/rg.210211},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Radiographics: A Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc},
	author = {Sheikhbahaei, Sara and Kearns, Ciléin and Jean, Jolie and Garg, Tushar},
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {34990314},
	keywords = {Adipose Tissue, Adipose Tissue, Brown, Fluorodeoxyglucose F18, Humans, Paraganglioma, Peripheral Nervous System Neoplasms},
	pages = {E14--E15},
}

@article{shortt_efficacy_2022,
	title = {Efficacy of a 3\% {Kānuka} oil cream for the treatment of moderate-to-severe eczema: {A} single blind randomised vehicle-controlled trial},
	volume = {51},
	issn = {2589-5370},
	shorttitle = {Efficacy of a 3\% {Kānuka} oil cream for the treatment of moderate-to-severe eczema},
	doi = {10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101561},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Māori, the indigenous people of New Zealand, have traditionally used the kānuka tree as part of their healing system, Rongoā Māori, and the oil from the kānuka tree has demonstratable anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties. This trial investigated the efficacy and safety of a 3\% kānuka oil (KO) cream compared to vehicle control (VC) for the topical treatment of eczema. The trial was conducted through a nationwide community pharmacy research network.
METHODS: This single-blind, parallel-group, randomised, vehicle-controlled trial was undertaken in 11 research trained community pharmacies across New Zealand. Eighty adult participants with self-reported moderate-to-severe eczema, assessed by Patient Orientated Eczema Measure (POEM) were randomised by blinded investigators to apply 3\% KO cream or VC topically, twice daily, for six weeks. Randomisation was stratified by site and eczema severity, moderate versus severe. Primary outcome was difference in POEM scores at week six between groups by intention to treat. The study is registered on the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (ANZCTR) reference number, ACTRN12618001754235.
FINDINGS: Eighty participants were recruited between 17 May 2019 and 10 May 2021 (41 KO group, 39 VC group). Mean POEM score (standard deviation) improved between baseline and week six for KO group, 18·4 (4·4) to 6·8 (5·5), and VC group, 18·7 (4·5) to 9·8 (6·5); mean difference between groups (95\% confidence interval) was -3·1 (-6·0 to -0·2), p = 0·036. There were three adverse events reported in the KO group related to the intervention and two in the control group.
INTERPRETATION: The KO group had a significant improvement in POEM score compared to VC. Rates of adverse events and withdrawals were similar between groups with no serious adverse events reported. Treatment acceptability was high for both groups across all domains. Our results suggest that in adults with moderate-to-severe eczema, the addition of KO to a daily emollient regimen led to a reduction in POEM score compared to VC. KO may represent an effective, safe, and well tolerated treatment for moderate-to-severe eczema in adults.
FUNDING: Hikurangi Bioactives (Ruatoria, New Zealand) and HoneyLab (Tauranga, New Zealand), supported by a grant from Callaghan Innovation.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {EClinicalMedicine},
	author = {Shortt, Nicholas and Martin, Alexander and Kerse, Kyley and Shortt, Gabrielle and Vakalalabure, Iva and Barker, Luke and Singer, Joseph and Black, Bianca and Liu, Angela and Eathorne, Allie and Weatherall, Mark and Rademaker, Marius and Armour, Mike and Beasley, Richard and Semprini, Alex and {Medical Research Institute of New Zealand's Pharmacy Research Network}},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35865740},
	pmcid = {PMC9294249},
	keywords = {Decentralised, Dermatitis, Dermatology, Eczema, Kānuka},
	pages = {101561},
}

@article{simpson_speed_2022,
	title = {Speed of cooling after cardiac arrest in relation to the intervention effect: a sub-study from the {TTM2}-trial},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1466-609X},
	shorttitle = {Speed of cooling after cardiac arrest in relation to the intervention effect},
	doi = {10.1186/s13054-022-04231-6},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Targeted temperature management (TTM) is recommended following cardiac arrest; however, time to target temperature varies in clinical practice. We hypothesised the effects of a target temperature of 33 °C when compared to normothermia would differ based on average time to hypothermia and those patients achieving hypothermia fastest would have more favorable outcomes.
METHODS: In this post-hoc analysis of the TTM-2 trial, patients after out of hospital cardiac arrest were randomized to targeted hypothermia (33 °C), followed by controlled re-warming, or normothermia with early treatment of fever (body temperature, ≥ 37.8 °C). The average temperature at 4 h (240 min) after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) was calculated for participating sites. Primary outcome was death from any cause at 6 months. Secondary outcome was poor functional outcome at 6 months (score of 4-6 on modified Rankin scale).
RESULTS: A total of 1592 participants were evaluated for the primary outcome. We found no evidence of heterogeneity of intervention effect based on the average time to target temperature on mortality (p = 0.17). Of patients allocated to hypothermia at the fastest sites, 71 of 145 (49\%) had died compared to 68 of 148 (46\%) of the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia, 1.07; 95\% confidence interval 0.84-1.36). Poor functional outcome was reported in 74/144 (51\%) patients in the hypothermia group, and 75/147 (51\%) patients in the normothermia group (relative risk with hypothermia 1.01 (95\% CI 0.80-1.26).
CONCLUSIONS: Using a hospital's average time to hypothermia did not significantly alter the effect of TTM of 33 °C compared to normothermia and early treatment of fever.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Critical Care (London, England)},
	author = {Simpson, Rupert F. G. and Dankiewicz, Josef and Karamasis, Grigoris V. and Pelosi, Paolo and Haenggi, Matthias and Young, Paul J. and Jakobsen, Janus Christian and Bannard-Smith, Jonathan and Wendel-Garcia, Pedro D. and Taccone, Fabio Silvio and Nordberg, Per and Wise, Matt P. and Grejs, Anders M. and Lilja, Gisela and Olsen, Roy Bjørkholt and Cariou, Alain and Lascarrou, Jean Baptiste and Saxena, Manoj and Hovdenes, Jan and Thomas, Matthew and Friberg, Hans and Davies, John R. and Nielsen, Niklas and Keeble, Thomas R.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36380332},
	pmcid = {PMC9667681},
	keywords = {Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Cold Temperature, Fever, Humans, Hypothermia, Hypothermia, Induced, Out of hospital cardiac arrest, Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest, Temperature management, Time to target temperature, Treatment Outcome},
	pages = {356},
}

@article{sinclair_should_2022,
	title = {"{Should} {I} {Inhale}?"-{Perceptions}, {Barriers}, and {Drivers} for {Medicinal} {Cannabis} {Use} amongst {Australian} {Women} with {Primary} {Dysmenorrhoea}: {A} {Qualitative} {Study}},
	volume = {19},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	shorttitle = {"{Should} {I} {Inhale}?},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph19031536},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study sought to investigate the perceptions, barriers, and drivers associated with medicinal cannabis use among Australian women with primary dysmenorrhea. A qualitative study via virtual focus groups involving 26 women experiencing regular, moderate, or greater menstrual pain explored categories including cost, associated stigma, current drug driving laws, community and workplace ethics, and geographical isolation within the context of patient access under current Australian laws and regulations.
RESULTS: A qualitative descriptive analysis identified that dissatisfaction with current management strategies such as over-the-counter analgesic usage was the key driver for wanting to use medicinal cannabis. A number of significant barriers to use were identified including patient access to medical prescribers, medical practitioner bias, current drug driving laws, geographic location, and cost. Community and cultural factors such as the history of cannabis as an illicit drug and the resulting stigma, even when prescribed by a medical doctor, still existed and was of concern to our participants.
CONCLUSION: Whilst medicinal cannabis is legal in all states and territories within Australia, several barriers to access exist that require government regulatory attention to assist in increasing patient adoption, including possible subsidisation of cost. The high cost of legal, medicinal cannabis was a key factor in women's choice to use illicit cannabis. Overall, the concerns raised by our participants are consistent with the broader findings of a recent Australian Senate inquiry report into barriers to patient access to medicinal cannabis in Australia, suggesting many of the issues are systematic rather than disease-specific. Given the interest in use of medicinal cannabis amongst women with primary dysmenorrhea, clinical trials in this area are urgently needed.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health},
	author = {Sinclair, Justin and Armour, Susanne and Akowuah, Jones Asafo and Proudfoot, Andrew and Armour, Mike},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35162564},
	pmcid = {PMC8835209},
	keywords = {Australia, Cannabis, Dysmenorrhea, Humans, Legislation, Drug, Medical Marijuana, cannabis, medicinal cannabis, period pain, primary dysmenorrhea, regulations},
	pages = {1536},
}

@article{sinclair_cannabis_2022,
	title = {Cannabis {Use} for {Endometriosis}: {Clinical} and {Legal} {Challenges} in {Australia} and {New} {Zealand}},
	volume = {7},
	issn = {2378-8763},
	shorttitle = {Cannabis {Use} for {Endometriosis}},
	doi = {10.1089/can.2021.0116},
	abstract = {Introduction: Endometriosis is a difficult to manage condition associated with a significant disease burden. High levels of illicit cannabis use for therapeutic purposes have been previously reported by endometriosis patients in Australia and New Zealand (NZ). Although access to legal medicinal cannabis (MC) is available through medical prescription via multiple federal schemes, significant barriers to patient access remain. Methods: An anonymous cross-sectional online survey was developed and distributed through social media via endometriosis advocacy groups worldwide. Respondents were asked about legal versus illicit cannabis usage, their understanding of access pathways and legal status, and their interactions with health care professionals. Results: Of 237 respondents who reported cannabis use with a medical diagnosis of endometriosis, 186 (72.0\%) of Australian and 51 (88.2\%) NZ respondents reported self-administering cannabis illicitly. Only 23.1\% of Australian and 5.9\% of NZ respondents accessed cannabis through a doctor's prescription, with 4.8\% of Australian and no NZ respondents reporting to legally self-administer cannabis. Substantial substitution effects ({\textgreater}50\% reduction) were observed in users of nonopioid analgesia (63.1\%), opioid analgesia (66.1\%), hormonal therapies (27.5\%), antineuropathics (61.7\%), antidepressants (28.2\%) and antianxiety medications (47.9\%). Of Australian respondents, 18.8\% and of NZ respondents, 23.5\% reported not disclosing their cannabis use to their medical doctor, citing concern over legal repercussions, societal judgment, or their doctors' reaction and presumed unwillingness to prescribe legal MC. Conclusions: Respondents self-reported positive outcomes when using cannabis for management of endometriosis, demonstrating a therapeutic potential for MC. Despite this, many are using cannabis without medical supervision. While evidence for a substantial substitution effect by cannabis was demonstrated in these data, of particular concern are the clinical consequences of using cannabis without medical supervision, particularly with regard to drug interactions and the tapering or cessation of certain medications without that supervision. Improving doctor and patient communication about MC use may improve levels of medical oversight, the preference for legal MC adoption over acquisition via illicit supply and reducing cannabis-associated stigma.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {4},
	journal = {Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research},
	author = {Sinclair, Justin and Toufaili, Yasmine and Gock, Sarah and Pegorer, Amanda G. and Wattle, Jordan and Franke, Martin and Alzwayid, Muayed A. K. M. and Abbott, Jason and Pate, David W. and Sarris, Jerome and Armour, Mike},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {34978929},
	pmcid = {PMC9418363},
	keywords = {Analgesics, Australia, Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists, Cannabis, Cross-Sectional Studies, Endometriosis, Female, Hallucinogens, Humans, Medical Marijuana, New Zealand, Surveys and Questionnaires, cannabis, endometriosis, legal barriers, medicinal cannabis, survey},
	pages = {464--472},
}

@article{slater_association_2022,
	title = {Association {Between} {Centralization} and {Outcome} for {Children} {Admitted} to {Intensive} {Care} in {Australia} and {New} {Zealand}: {A} {Population}-{Based} {Cohort} {Study}},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1529-7535},
	shorttitle = {Association {Between} {Centralization} and {Outcome} for {Children} {Admitted} to {Intensive} {Care} in {Australia} and {New} {Zealand}},
	doi = {10.1097/PCC.0000000000003060},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To describe regional differences and change over time in the degree of centralization of pediatric intensive care in Australia and New Zealand (ANZ) and to compare the characteristics and ICU mortality of children admitted to specialist PICUs and general ICUs (GICUs).
DESIGN: A retrospective cohort study using registry data for two epochs of ICU admissions, 2003-2005 and 2016-2018.
SETTING: Population-based study in ANZ.
PATIENTS: A total of 43,256 admissions of children aged younger than 16 years admitted to an ICU in ANZ were included. Infants aged younger than 28 days without cardiac conditions were excluded.
INTERVENTIONS: None.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The primary outcome was risk-adjusted ICU mortality. Logistic regression was used to investigate the association of mortality with the exposure to ICU type, epoch, and their interaction. Compared with children admitted to GICUs, children admitted to PICUs were younger (median 25 vs 47 mo; p {\textless} 0.01) and stayed longer in ICU (median 1.6 vs 1.0 d; p {\textless} 0.01). For the study overall, 93\% of admissions in Australia were to PICUs whereas in New Zealand only 63\% of admissions were to PICUs. The adjusted odds of death in epoch 2 relative to epoch 1 decreased (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 0.50; 95\% CI, 0.42-0.59). There was an interaction between unit type and epoch with increased odds of death associated with care in a GICU in epoch 2 (AOR, 1.63; 95\% CI, 1.05-2.53 for all admissions; 1.73, CI, 1.002-3.00 for high-risk admissions).
CONCLUSIONS: Risk-adjusted mortality of children admitted to specialist PICUs decreased over a study period of 14 years; however, a similar association between time and outcome was not observed in high-risk children admitted to GICUs. The results support the continued use of a centralized model of delivering intensive care for critically ill children.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Pediatric Critical Care Medicine: A Journal of the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies},
	author = {Slater, Anthony and Beca, John and Croston, Elizabeth and McEniery, Julie and Millar, Johnny and Norton, Lynda and Numa, Andrew and Schell, David and Secombe, Paul and Straney, Lahn and Young, Paul and Yung, Michael and Gabbe, Belinda and Shann, Frank and {Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Pediatric Study Group and Centre for Outcomes and Resource Evaluation}},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36040098},
	keywords = {Australia, Child, Cohort Studies, Critical Care, Hospital Mortality, Humans, Infant, Intensive Care Units, New Zealand, Retrospective Studies},
	pages = {919--928},
}

@article{sweet_pulmonary_2022,
	title = {Pulmonary {Light}-{Chain} {Deposition} {Disease}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {1527-1323},
	doi = {10.1148/rg.220123},
	language = {eng},
	number = {5},
	journal = {Radiographics: A Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc},
	author = {Sweet, David E. and Wheeler, C. Austin and Kearns, Ciléin and Marquis, Kaitlin M.},
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35867594},
	keywords = {Humans, Lung, Multiple Myeloma, Paraproteinemias},
	pages = {E145--E146},
}

@article{tan_panic_2022,
	title = {Panic or peace - prioritising infant welfare when medicating feverish infants: a grounded theory study of adherence in a paediatric clinical trial},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {1471-2431},
	shorttitle = {Panic or peace - prioritising infant welfare when medicating feverish infants},
	doi = {10.1186/s12887-022-03230-4},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Literature on factors influencing medication adherence within paediatric clinical trials is sparse. The Paracetamol and Ibuprofen in the Primary Prevention of Asthma in Tamariki (PIPPA Tamariki) trial is an open-label, randomised controlled trial aiming to determine whether paracetamol treatment, compared with ibuprofen treatment, as required for fever and pain in the first year of life, increases the risk of asthma at age six years. To inform strategies for reducing trial medication crossovers, understanding factors influencing the observed ibuprofen-to-paracetamol crossovers (non-protocol adherence) is vital. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors influencing the decision-making process when administering or prescribing ibuprofen to infants that may contribute to the crossover events in the PIPPA Tamariki trial.
METHODS: Constructivist grounded theory methods were employed. We conducted semi-structured interviews of caregivers of enrolled PIPPA Tamariki infants and healthcare professionals in various healthcare settings. Increasing theoretical sensitivity of the interviewers led to theoretical sampling of participants who could expand on the teams' early constructed codes. Transcribed interviews were coded and analysed using the constant comparative method of concurrent data collection and analysis.
RESULTS: Between September and December 2020, 20 participants (12 caregivers; 8 healthcare professionals) were interviewed. We constructed a grounded theory of prioritising infant welfare that represents a basic social process when caregivers and healthcare professionals medicate feverish infants. This process comprises three categories: historical, trusting relationships and being discerning; and is modified by one condition: being conflicted. Participants bring with them historical ideas. Trusting relationships with researchers, treating clinicians and family play a central role in enabling participants to challenge historical ideas and be discerning. Trial medication crossovers occur when participants become conflicted, and they revert to historical practices that feel familiar and safer.
CONCLUSIONS: We identified factors and a basic social process influencing ibuprofen use in infants and trial medication crossover events, which can inform strategies for promoting adherence in the PIPPA Tamariki trial. Future studies should explore the role of trusting relationships between researchers and treating clinicians when conducting research.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {BMC pediatrics},
	author = {Tan, Eunicia and Hoare, Karen and Riley, Judith and Fernando, Kathryn and Haskell, Libby and McKinlay, Christopher Jd and Dalziel, Stuart R. and Braithwaite, Irene},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35410322},
	pmcid = {PMC8995914},
	keywords = {Acetaminophen, Asthma, COVID-19, Constructivist grounded theory, Fever, Fever phobia, Grounded Theory, Humans, Ibuprofen, Infant, Infant Welfare, Paediatric, Paracetamol, Trial adherence, Trust},
	pages = {195},
}

@article{te_ao_economic_2022,
	title = {Economic analysis of the '{Take} {Charge}' intervention for people following stroke: {Results} from a randomised trial},
	volume = {36},
	issn = {1477-0873},
	shorttitle = {Economic analysis of the '{Take} {Charge}' intervention for people following stroke},
	doi = {10.1177/02692155211040727},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To undertake an economic analysis of the Take Charge intervention as part of the Taking Charge after Stroke (TaCAS) study.
DESIGN: An open, parallel-group, randomised trial comparing active and control interventions with blinded outcome assessment.
SETTING: Community.
PARTICIPANTS: Adults (n = 400) discharged to community, non-institutional living following acute stroke.
INTERVENTIONS: The Take Charge intervention, a strengths based, self-directed rehabilitation intervention, in two doses (one or two sessions), and a control intervention (no Take Charge sessions).
MEASURES: The cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) saved for the period between randomisation (always post hospital discharge) and 12 months following acute stroke. QALYs were calculated from the EuroQol-5D-5L. Costs of stroke-related and non-health care were obtained by questionnaire, hospital records and the New Zealand Ministry of Health.
RESULTS: One-year post hospital discharge cost of care was mean (95\% CI) \$US4706 (3758-6014) for the Take Charge intervention group and \$6118 (4350-8005) for control, mean (95\% CI) difference \$ -1412 (-3553 to +729). Health utility scores were mean (95\% CI) 0.75 (0.73-0.77) for Take Charge and 0.71 (0.67-0.75) for control, mean (95\% CI) difference 0.04 (0.0-0.08). Cost per QALY gained for the Take Charge intervention was \$US -35,296 (=£ -25,524, € -30,019). Sensitivity analyses confirm Take Charge is cost-effective, even at a very low willingness-to-pay threshold. With a threshold of \$US5000 per QALY, the probability that Take Charge is cost-effective is 99\%.
CONCLUSION: Take Charge is cost-effective and probably cost saving.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Clinical Rehabilitation},
	author = {Te Ao, Braden and Harwood, Matire and Fu, Vivian and Weatherall, Mark and McPherson, Kathryn and Taylor, William J. and McRae, Anna and Thomson, Tom and Gommans, John and Green, Geoff and Ranta, Annemarei and Hanger, Carl and Riley, Judith and McNaughton, Harry},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {34414801},
	keywords = {Adult, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Humans, Quality of Life, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, Stroke, Stroke rehabilitation, Surveys and Questionnaires, cost-effective, cost-utility analysis, self-management},
	pages = {240--250},
}

@article{tewhaiti-smith_aotearoa_2022,
	title = {An {Aotearoa} {New} {Zealand} survey of the impact and diagnostic delay for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2045-2322},
	doi = {10.1038/s41598-022-08464-x},
	abstract = {Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) causes important negative effects on quality of life. Endometriosis is the most common cause of CPP in females, and diagnostic delay is over six years internationally. Data remain scarce for CPP impact or diagnostic delay in Aotearoa New Zealand. This study used an online survey to explore the impact of CPP on various life domains for those aged over 18. Additionally, for those with an endometriosis diagnosis, diagnostic delay and factors affecting this over time were explored. There were 800 respondent (620 with self-reported endometriosis). CPP symptoms, irrespective of final diagnosis, started prior to age 20 and negatively impacted multiple life domains including employment, education, and relationships. Mean diagnostic delay for those with endometriosis was 8.7 years, including 2.9 years between symptom onset and first presentation and 5.8 years between first presentation and diagnosis. Five doctors on average were seen prior to diagnosis. However, there was a reduction in the interval between first presentation and diagnosis over time, from 8.4 years for those presenting before 2005, to two years for those presenting after 2012. While diagnostic delay is decreasing, CPP, irrespective of aetiology, continues to have a significant negative impact on the lives of those affected.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Scientific Reports},
	author = {Tewhaiti-Smith, Jordan and Semprini, Alex and Bush, Deborah and Anderson, Augustus and Eathorne, Allie and Johnson, Neil and Girling, Jane and East, Michael and Marriott, Joy and Armour, Mike},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35292715},
	pmcid = {PMC8924267},
	keywords = {Adult, Aged, Chronic Pain, Delayed Diagnosis, Endometriosis, Female, Humans, New Zealand, Pelvic Pain, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Young Adult},
	pages = {4425},
}

@article{thompson_long-term_2022,
	title = {Long-term costs and cost-effectiveness of adjunctive corticosteroids for patients with septic shock in {New} {Zealand}},
	volume = {35},
	issn = {1036-7314},
	doi = {10.1016/j.aucc.2021.05.006},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to determine whether adjunctive hydrocortisone reduced healthcare expenditure and was cost-effective compared with placebo in New Zealand patients in the Adjunctive Glucocorticoid Therapy in Patients with Septic Shock (ADRENAL) trial.
DESIGN: This is a health economic analysis using data linkage to New Zealand Ministry of Health databases to determine resource use, costs, and cost-effectiveness for a 24-month period.
SETTING: The study was conducted in New Zealand.
PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION: Patients with septic shock were randomised to receive a 7-day continuous infusion of 200 mg of hydrocortisone or placebo in the ADRENAL trial.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Healthcare expenditure was associated with all hospital admissions, emergency department presentations, outpatient visits, and pharmacy expenditure. Effectiveness outcomes included mortality at 6 months and 24 months and quality of life at 6 months. Cost-effectiveness outcomes were assessed with reference to quality-adjusted life years gained at 6 months and life years gained at 24 months.
RESULTS: Of 3800 patients in the ADRENAL trial, 419 (11.0\%) were eligible, and 405 (96.7\% of those eligible) were included. The mean total costs per patient over 24 months were \$143,627 ± 100,890 and \$143,772 ± 97,117 for the hydrocortisone and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.99). Intensive care unit costs for the index admission were \$50,492 and \$62,288 per patient for the hydrocortisone and placebo groups, respectively (p = 0.09). The mean number of quality-adjusted life years gained at 6 months and mean number of life years gained at 24 months was not significantly different by treatment group, and the probability of hydrocortisone being cost-effective was 55\% at 24 months.
CONCLUSIONS: In New Zealand, adjunctive hydrocortisone did not reduce total healthcare expenditure or improve outcomes compared with placebo in patients with septic shock.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Australian Critical Care: Official Journal of the Confederation of Australian Critical Care Nurses},
	author = {Thompson, Kelly J. and Young, Paul J. and Venkatesh, Balasubramanian and Cohen, Jeremy and Finfer, Simon R. and Grattan, Sarah and Hammond, Naomi E. and Jan, Stephen and Li, Qiang and Di Tanna, Gian Luca and McArthur, Colin and Myburgh, John and Rajbhandari, Dorrilyn and Taylor, Colman B.},
	month = may,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {34325975},
	keywords = {Adrenal Cortex Hormones, Corticosteroids, Cost-Benefit Analysis, Cost-effectiveness analysis, Economic evaluation, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Intensive care medicine, New Zealand, Quality of Life, Sepsis, Septic shock, Shock, Septic},
	pages = {241--250},
}

@article{thompson_impact_2022,
	title = {The impact of ethnicity on stroke care access and patient outcomes: a {New} {Zealand} nationwide observational study},
	volume = {20},
	issn = {2666-6065},
	shorttitle = {The impact of ethnicity on stroke care access and patient outcomes},
	doi = {10.1016/j.lanwpc.2021.100358},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Ethnic inequities in stroke care access have been reported internationally but the impact on outcomes remains unclear. In New Zealand, data on ethnic stroke inequities and resultant effects on outcomes are generally limited and conflicting.
METHODS: In a prospective, nationwide, multi-centre observational study, we recruited consecutive adult patients with confirmed stroke from 28 hospitals between 1 May and 31 October 2018. Patient outcomes: favourable functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale 0-2); quality of life (EQ-5D-3L); stroke/vascular events; and death at three, six and 12 months. Process measures: access to reperfusion therapies, stroke-units, investigations, secondary prevention, rehabilitation. Multivariate regression analyses assessed associations between ethnicity and outcomes and process measures.
FINDINGS: The cohort comprised 2,379 patients (median age 78 (IQR 66-85); 51·2\% male; 76·7\% European, 11·5\% Māori, 4·8\% Pacific peoples, 4·8\% Asian). Non-Europeans were younger, had more risk factors, had reduced access to acute stroke units (aOR=0·78, 95\%CI, 0·60-0·97), and were less likely to receive a swallow screen within 24 hours of arrival (aOR=0·72, 0·53-0·99) or MRI imaging (OR=0·66, 0·52-0·85). Māori were less frequently prescribed anticoagulants (OR=0·68, 0·47-0·98). Pacific peoples received greater risk factor counselling. Fewer non-Europeans had a favourable mRS score at three (aOR=0·67, 0·47-0·96), six (aOR=0·63, 0·40-0·98) and 12 months (aOR=0·56, 0·36-0·88), and more Māori had died by 12 months (aOR=1·76, 1·07-2·89).
INTERPRETATION: Non-Europeans, especially Māori, had poorer access to key stroke interventions and experience poorer outcomes. Further optimisation of stroke care targeting high-priority populations are needed to achieve equity.
FUNDING: New Zealand Health Research Council (HRC17/037).},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific},
	author = {Thompson, Stephanie G. and Barber, P. Alan and Gommans, John H. and Cadilhac, Dominique A. and Davis, Alan and Fink, John N. and Harwood, Matire and Levack, William and McNaughton, Harry and Feigin, Valery L. and Abernethy, Virginia and Girvan, Jackie and Denison, Hayley and Corbin, Marine and Wilson, Andrew and Douwes, Jeroen and Ranta, Annemarei},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35036976},
	pmcid = {PMC8743211},
	keywords = {Disparities, Epidemiology, Ethnicity, Health services research, Indigenous, Outcome resarch, Stroke},
	pages = {100358},
}

@article{turner_klippel-trenaunay_2022,
	title = {Klippel-{Trenaunay} {Syndrome}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {1527-1323},
	doi = {10.1148/rg.220150},
	language = {eng},
	number = {6},
	journal = {Radiographics: A Review Publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc},
	author = {Turner, Valery L. and Kearns, Ciléin and Wattamwar, Kapil and McKenney, Anna Sophia},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36190869},
	keywords = {Humans, Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber Syndrome},
	pages = {E167--E168},
}

@article{van_diepen_efficacy_2022,
	title = {Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers in the cardiac surgical population: insights from the {PEPTIC} trial},
	volume = {62},
	issn = {1873-734X},
	shorttitle = {Efficacy and safety of proton pump inhibitors versus histamine-2 receptor blockers in the cardiac surgical population},
	doi = {10.1093/ejcts/ezac124},
	abstract = {OBJECTIVES: The comparative effectiveness and safety of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) versus histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis in the cardiac surgical intensive care unit population is uncertain. Although the Proton Pump Inhibitors versus Histamine-2 Receptor Blockers for Ulcer Prophylaxis Therapy in the Intensive Care Unit (PEPTIC) trial reported a higher risk of mortality in the PPI arm with no difference in gastrointestinal bleeding, detailed information on surgical variables and clinically relevant surgical subgroups was not available.
METHODS: The analysis included all Canadian cardiac surgery patients enrolled in the PEPTIC trial. Data were electronically linked using unique patient identifiers to a clinical information system. Outcomes of interest included in-hospital mortality, gastrointestinal bleeding, Clostridium difficile infections, ventilator-associated conditions and length of stay.
RESULTS: We studied 823 (50.6\%) randomized to PPIs and 805 (49.4\%) to histamine-2-receptor blockers. In the intention-to-treat analysis, there were no differences in hospital mortality [PPI: 4.3\% vs histamine-2 receptor blockers: 4.8\%, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.97, 95\% confidence interval (CI) 0.55-1.70], gastrointestinal bleeding (3.9\% vs 4.8\%, aOR 1.09, 95\% CI 0.66-1.81), C. difficile infections (0.9\% vs 0.1\%, aOR 0.18, 95\% CI 0.02-1.59), ventilator-associated conditions (1.6\% vs 1.7\%, aOR 0.92, 95\% CI 0.85-1.00) or median length of stay (9.2 vs 9.8 days, adjusted risk ratio 1.06, 85\% CI 0.99-1.13). No significant treatment differences were observed among subgroups of interest or per-protocol populations.
CONCLUSIONS: In a secondary analysis of cardiac surgery patients enrolled in the PEPTIC trial in Canada, no differences in effectiveness or safety were observed between use of PPIs and histamine-2 receptor blockers for stress ulcer prophylaxis.
CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: anzctr.org.au identifier: ACTRN12616000481471.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery: Official Journal of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery},
	author = {van Diepen, Sean and Coulson, Tim and Wang, Xiaoming and Opgenorth, Dawn and Zuege, Danny J. and Harris, Jo and Agyemang, Malik and Niven, Daniel J. and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Wright, Stephen E. and Young, Paul J. and Bagshaw, Sean M. and {PEPTIC study investigators and the ANZICS Clinical Trials Group}},
	month = jul,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35213716},
	pmcid = {PMC9334785},
	keywords = {Canada, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiac surgical intensive care unit, Clostridioides difficile, Clostridium difficile infections, Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage, Gastrointestinal bleeding, Histamine, Histamine H2 Antagonists, Humans, Peptic Ulcer, Proton Pump Inhibitors, Stomach Ulcer, Stress ulcer prophylaxis, Ulcer, Ventilator-associated conditions},
	pages = {ezac124},
}

@article{wetterslev_management_2022,
	title = {Management of acute atrial fibrillation in the intensive care unit: {An} international survey},
	volume = {66},
	issn = {1399-6576},
	shorttitle = {Management of acute atrial fibrillation in the intensive care unit},
	doi = {10.1111/aas.14007},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is common in intensive care unit (ICU) patients and is associated with poor outcomes. Different management strategies exist, but the evidence is limited and derived from non-ICU patients. This international survey of ICU doctors evaluated the preferred management of acute AF in ICU patients.
METHOD: We conducted an international online survey of ICU doctors with 27 questions about the preferred management of acute AF in the ICU, including antiarrhythmic therapy in hemodynamically stable and unstable patients and use of anticoagulant therapy.
RESULTS: A total of 910 respondents from 70 ICUs in 14 countries participated in the survey with 24\%-100\% of doctors from sites responding. Most ICUs (80\%) did not have a local guideline for the management of acute AF. The preferred first-line strategy for the management of hemodynamically stable patients with acute AF was observation (95\% of respondents), rhythm control (3\%), or rate control (2\%). For hemodynamically unstable patients, the preferred strategy was observation (48\%), rhythm control (48\%), or rate control (4\%). Overall, preferred antiarrhythmic interventions included amiodarone, direct current cardioversion, beta-blockers other than sotalol, and magnesium in that order. A total of 67\% preferred using anticoagulant therapy in ICU patients with AF, among whom 61\% preferred therapeutic dose anticoagulants and 39\% prophylactic dose anticoagulants.
CONCLUSION: This international survey indicated considerable practice variation among ICU doctors in the clinical management of acute AF, including the overall management strategies and the use of antiarrhythmic interventions and anticoagulants.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica},
	author = {Wetterslev, Mik and Møller, Morten Hylander and Granholm, Anders and Hassager, Christian and Haase, Nicolai and Aslam, Tayyba Naz and Shen, Jiawei and Young, Paul J. and Aneman, Anders and Hästbacka, Johanna and Siegemund, Martin and Cronhjort, Maria and Lindqvist, Elin and Myatra, Sheila N. and Kalvit, Kushal and Arabi, Yaseen M. and Szczeklik, Wojciech and Sigurdsson, Martin I. and Balik, Martin and Keus, Frederik and Perner, Anders and {AFIB-ICU collaborators}},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {34870855},
	keywords = {Anti-Arrhythmia Agents, Atrial Fibrillation, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Sotalol, Surveys and Questionnaires, anticoagulant therapy, atrial fibrillation, intensive care unit, management strategies},
	pages = {375--385},
}

@article{young_recent_2022,
	title = {Recent data and the {French} guidelines for choice of intravenous fluids for vascular filling},
	volume = {41},
	issn = {2352-5568},
	doi = {10.1016/j.accpm.2022.101100},
	language = {eng},
	number = {3},
	journal = {Anaesthesia, Critical Care \& Pain Medicine},
	author = {Young, Paul J.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35715022},
	keywords = {Fluid Therapy, Humans, Infusions, Intravenous},
	pages = {101100},
}

@article{young_protocol_2022,
	title = {Protocol and statistical analysis plan for the mega randomised registry trial research program comparing conservative versus liberal oxygenation targets in adults receiving unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in the {ICU} ({Mega}-{ROX})},
	volume = {24},
	issn = {1441-2772},
	doi = {10.51893/2022.2.OA4},
	abstract = {Background: The effect of conservative versus liberal oxygen therapy on 90-day in-hospital mortality in patients who require unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in an intensive care unit (ICU) is uncertain and will be evaluated in the mega randomised registry trial research program (Mega-ROX). Objective: To summarise the protocol and statistical analysis plan for Mega-ROX. Design, setting and participants: Mega-ROX is a 40 000-patient parallel-group, registry-embedded clinical trial in which adults who require unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in an ICU will be randomly assigned to conservative or liberal oxygen therapy. Within this overarching trial research program, three nested parallel randomised controlled trials will be conducted. These will include patients with suspected hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE) following resuscitation from a cardiac arrest, patients with sepsis, and patients with non-HIE acute brain injuries or conditions. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome is in-hospital allcause mortality up to 90 days from the date of randomisation. Secondary outcomes include duration of survival, duration of mechanical ventilation, ICU length of stay, hospital length of stay, and proportion of patients discharged home. Results and conclusions: Mega-ROX will compare the effect of conservative versus liberal oxygen therapy on 90-day in-hospital mortality in critically ill adults who receive unplanned invasive mechanical ventilation in an ICU. The protocol and a pre-specified approach to analyses are reported here to mitigate analysis bias. Trial registration: Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTRN 12620000391976).},
	language = {eng},
	number = {2},
	journal = {Critical Care and Resuscitation: Journal of the Australasian Academy of Critical Care Medicine},
	author = {Young, Paul J. and Arabi, Yaseen M. and Bagshaw, Sean M. and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Fujii, Tomoko and Haniffa, Rashan and Hodgson, Carol L. and Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi and Litton, Edward and Mackle, Diane and Nichol, Alistair D. and Kasza, Jessica and {Mega-ROX Management Committee} and {Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group} and {Crit Care Asia and Africa Network} and {Irish Critical Care Clinical Trials Group} and {Alberta Health Services Critical Care Strategic Clinical Network}},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {38045600},
	pmcid = {PMC10692627},
	pages = {137--149},
}

@article{young_oxygen_2022,
	title = {Oxygen targets},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0342-4642, 1432-1238},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-022-06714-0},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-022-06714-0},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Young, Paul J. and Hodgson, Carol L. and Rasmussen, Bodil S.},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {732--735},
}

@article{young_vitamin_2022,
	title = {Vitamin {C} in sepsis},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {1432-1238},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-022-06822-x},
	language = {eng},
	number = {11},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Young, Paul J. and Lamontagne, François and Fujii, Tomoko},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35960273},
	keywords = {Ascorbic Acid, Humans, Sepsis, Vitamins},
	pages = {1621--1624},
}

@article{zampieri_bayesian_2022,
	title = {A {Bayesian} reanalysis of the {Standard} versus {Accelerated} {Initiation} of {Renal}-{Replacement} {Therapy} in {Acute} {Kidney} {Injury} ({STARRT}-{AKI}) trial},
	volume = {26},
	issn = {1466-609X},
	doi = {10.1186/s13054-022-04120-y},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Timing of initiation of kidney-replacement therapy (KRT) in critically ill patients remains controversial. The Standard versus Accelerated Initiation of Renal-Replacement Therapy in Acute Kidney Injury (STARRT-AKI) trial compared two strategies of KRT initiation (accelerated versus standard) in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury and found neutral results for 90-day all-cause mortality. Probabilistic exploration of the trial endpoints may enable greater understanding of the trial findings. We aimed to perform a reanalysis using a Bayesian framework.
METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of all 2927 patients randomized in multi-national STARRT-AKI trial, performed at 168 centers in 15 countries. The primary endpoint, 90-day all-cause mortality, was evaluated using hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression. A spectrum of priors includes optimistic, neutral, and pessimistic priors, along with priors informed from earlier clinical trials. Secondary endpoints (KRT-free days and hospital-free days) were assessed using zero-one inflated beta regression.
RESULTS: The posterior probability of benefit comparing an accelerated versus a standard KRT initiation strategy for the primary endpoint suggested no important difference, regardless of the prior used (absolute difference of 0.13\% [95\% credible interval [CrI] - 3.30\%; 3.40\%], - 0.39\% [95\% CrI - 3.46\%; 3.00\%], and 0.64\% [95\% CrI - 2.53\%; 3.88\%] for neutral, optimistic, and pessimistic priors, respectively). There was a very low probability that the effect size was equal or larger than a consensus-defined minimal clinically important difference. Patients allocated to the accelerated strategy had a lower number of KRT-free days (median absolute difference of - 3.55 days [95\% CrI - 6.38; - 0.48]), with a probability that the accelerated strategy was associated with more KRT-free days of 0.008. Hospital-free days were similar between strategies, with the accelerated strategy having a median absolute difference of 0.48 more hospital-free days (95\% CrI - 1.87; 2.72) compared with the standard strategy and the probability that the accelerated strategy had more hospital-free days was 0.66.
CONCLUSIONS: In a Bayesian reanalysis of the STARRT-AKI trial, we found very low probability that an accelerated strategy has clinically important benefits compared with the standard strategy. Patients receiving the accelerated strategy probably have fewer days alive and KRT-free. These findings do not support the adoption of an accelerated strategy of KRT initiation.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Critical Care (London, England)},
	author = {Zampieri, Fernando G. and da Costa, Bruno R. and Vaara, Suvi T. and Lamontagne, François and Rochwerg, Bram and Nichol, Alistair D. and McGuinness, Shay and McAuley, Danny F. and Ostermann, Marlies and Wald, Ron and Bagshaw, Sean M. and {STARRT-AKI Investigators}},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {36008827},
	pmcid = {PMC9404618},
	keywords = {Acute Kidney Injury, Acute kidney injury, Bayes Theorem, Bayesian, Critical Illness, Dialysis, Humans, Kidney-replacement therapy, Mortality, Probability, Randomized, Renal Replacement Therapy, Trial},
	pages = {255},
}

@article{hills_fetal_2022,
	title = {Fetal {Loss} and {Preterm} {Birth} {Caused} by {Intraamniotic} \textit{{Haemophilus} influenzae} {Infection}, {New} {Zealand}},
	volume = {28},
	issn = {1080-6040, 1080-6059},
	url = {https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/28/9/22-0313_intro.htm},
	doi = {10.3201/eid2809.220313},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Emerging Infectious Diseases},
	author = {Hills, Thomas and Sharpe, Caitlin and Wong, Thomas and Cutfield, Tim and Lee, Arier and McBride, Stephen and Rogers, Matthew and Soh, May Ching and Taylor, Amanda and Taylor, Susan and Thomas, Mark},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
}

@article{hills_effect_2022,
	title = {The effect of needle length and skin to deltoid muscle distance in adults receiving an {mRNA} {COVID}-19 vaccine},
	volume = {40},
	issn = {1873-2518},
	doi = {10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.06.070},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: The mRNA COVID vaccines are only licensed for intramuscular injection but it is unclear whether successful intramuscular administration is required for immunogenicity.
METHODS: In this observational study, eligible adults receiving their first ComirnatyTM/BNT162b2 dose had their skin to deltoid muscle distance (SDMD) measured by ultrasound. The relationship between SDMD and height, weight, body mass index, and arm circumference was assessed. Three needle length groups were identified: 'clearly sufficient' (needle exceeding SDMD by {\textgreater}5 mm), 'probably sufficient' (needle exceeding SDMD by ≤ 5 mm), and 'insufficient' (needle length ≤ SDMD). Baseline and follow-up finger prick blood samples were collected and the primary outcome variable was mean spike antibody levels in the three needle length groups.
RESULTS: Participants (n = 402) had a mean age of 34.7 years, BMI 29.1 kg/m2, arm circumference 37.5 cm, and SDMD 13.3 mm. The SDMD was {\textgreater}25 mm in 23/402 (5.7\%) and {\textgreater}20 mm in 61/402 (15.2\%) participants. Both arm circumference (≥40 cm) and BMI (≥33 kg/m2) were able to identify those with a SDMD of {\textgreater}25 mm, the length of a standard injection needle, with a sensitivity of 100\% and specificities of 71.2 and 79.9\%, respectively. Of 249/402 (62\%) participants with paired blood samples, there was no significant difference in spike antibody titres between needle length groups. The mean (SD) spike BAU/mL was 464.5 (677.1) in 'clearly sufficient needle length' (n = 217) compared with 506.4 (265.1) in 'probably sufficient' (n = 21, p = 0.09), and 489.4 (452.3) in 'insufficient needle length' (n = 11, p = 0.65).
CONCLUSIONS: A 25 mm needle length is likely to be inadequate to ensure vaccine deposition within the deltoid muscle in a small proportion of adults. Vaccine-induced spike antibody titres were comparable in those vaccinated with a needle of sufficient versus insufficient length suggesting deltoid muscle deposition may not be required for an adequate antibody response to mRNA vaccines.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {33},
	journal = {Vaccine},
	author = {Hills, Thomas and Paterson, Aimee and Woodward, Rebecca and Middleton, Francis and Carlton, Lauren H. and McGregor, Reuben and Barfoot, Sebastien and Ramiah, Ciara and Whitcombe, Alana L. and Zimbron, Victor M. and Mahuika, David and Brown, Joshua and Palmer-Neels, Kate and Manning, Brittany and Jani, Devanshi and Reeves, Brooke and Whitta, Georgia T. and Morpeth, Susan and Beasley, Richard and Weatherall, Mark and Jordan, Anthony and McIntyre, Peter and Moreland, Nicole J. and Mirjalili, S. Ali},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35792021},
	pmcid = {PMC9239984},
	keywords = {Adult, Antibodies, Viral, BNT162 Vaccine, COVID-19, COVID-19 Vaccines, Deltoid Muscle, Deltoid muscle, Humans, Immunisation, Immunogenicity, Vaccine, Intramuscular injection, Needle length, RNA, Messenger, Vaccination, Vaccines},
	pages = {4827--4834},
}

@article{hills_letter_2022,
	title = {Letter from {New} {Zealand}},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {1323-7799, 1440-1843},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/resp.14375},
	doi = {10.1111/resp.14375},
	language = {en},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Respirology},
	author = {Hills, Tom and Beasley, Richard},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {994--995},
}

@article{hernandez-mitre_nafamostat_2022,
	title = {Nafamostat {Mesylate} for {Treatment} of {COVID}-19 in {Hospitalised} {Patients}: {A} {Structured}, {Narrative} {Review}},
	volume = {61},
	issn = {0312-5963, 1179-1926},
	shorttitle = {Nafamostat {Mesylate} for {Treatment} of {COVID}-19 in {Hospitalised} {Patients}},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s40262-022-01170-x},
	doi = {10.1007/s40262-022-01170-x},
	language = {en},
	number = {10},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Clinical Pharmacokinetics},
	author = {Hernández-Mitre, María Patricia and Tong, Steven Y. C. and Denholm, Justin T. and Dore, Gregory J. and Bowen, Asha C. and Lewin, Sharon R. and Venkatesh, Balasubramanian and Hills, Thomas E. and McQuilten, Zoe and Paterson, David L. and Morpeth, Susan C. and Roberts, Jason A.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1331--1343},
}

@article{lindblad_current_2022,
	title = {Current state of high-fidelity multimodal monitoring in traumatic brain injury},
	volume = {164},
	issn = {0942-0940},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00701-022-05383-8},
	doi = {10.1007/s00701-022-05383-8},
	abstract = {Abstract 
             
              Introduction 
              Multimodality monitoring of patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is primarily performed in neuro-critical care units to prevent secondary harmful brain insults and facilitate patient recovery. Several metrics are commonly monitored using both invasive and non-invasive techniques. The latest Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines from 2016 provide recommendations and thresholds for some of these. Still, high-level evidence for several metrics and thresholds is lacking. 
             
             
              Methods 
               
                Regarding invasive brain monitoring, intracranial pressure (ICP) forms the cornerstone, and pressures above 22 mmHg should be avoided. From ICP, cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) (mean arterial pressure (MAP)–ICP) and pressure reactivity index (PRx) (a correlation between slow waves MAP and ICP as a surrogate for cerebrovascular reactivity) may be derived. In terms of regional monitoring, partial brain tissue oxygen pressure (PbtO 
                2 
                ) is commonly used, and phase 3 studies are currently ongoing to determine its added effect to outcome together with ICP monitoring. Cerebral microdialysis (CMD) is another regional invasive modality to measure substances in the brain extracellular fluid. International consortiums have suggested thresholds and management strategies, in spite of lacking high-level evidence. Although invasive monitoring is generally safe, iatrogenic hemorrhages are reported in about 10\% of cases, but these probably do not significantly affect long-term outcome. Non-invasive monitoring is relatively recent in the field of TBI care, and research is usually from single-center retrospective experiences. Near-infrared spectrometry (NIRS) measuring regional tissue saturation has been shown to be associated with outcome. Transcranial doppler (TCD) has several tentative utilities in TBI like measuring ICP and detecting vasospasm. Furthermore, serial sampling of biomarkers of brain injury in the blood can be used to detect secondary brain injury development. 
               
             
             
              Conclusions 
              In multimodal monitoring, the most important aspect is data interpretation, which requires knowledge of each metric’s strengths and limitations. Combinations of several modalities might make it possible to discern specific pathologic states suitable for treatment. However, the cost–benefit should be considered as the incremental benefit of adding several metrics has a low level of evidence, thus warranting additional research.},
	language = {en},
	number = {12},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Acta Neurochirurgica},
	author = {Lindblad, Caroline and Raj, Rahul and Zeiler, Frederick A. and Thelin, Eric P.},
	month = oct,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {3091--3100},
}

@article{hatter_asthma_2022,
	title = {Asthma control with {ICS}-formoterol reliever versus maintenance {ICS} and {SABA} reliever therapy: a post hoc analysis of two randomised controlled trials},
	volume = {9},
	issn = {2052-4439},
	shorttitle = {Asthma control with {ICS}-formoterol reliever versus maintenance {ICS} and {SABA} reliever therapy},
	url = {https://bmjopenrespres.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001271},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjresp-2022-001271},
	abstract = {Background 
               
                In randomised controlled trials, as-needed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS)-formoterol reliever therapy reduces severe exacerbation risk compared with maintenance ICS plus short-acting beta 
                2 
                -agonist (SABA) reliever in adolescent and adult asthma, but results in slightly worse control of asthma symptoms, as measured by mean Asthma Control Questionnaire-5 (ACQ-5) score. 
               
             
             
              Objective 
              To assess the levels and changes in asthma control for as-needed budesonide–formoterol versus maintenance budesonide plus SABA in post hoc analyses from the Novel START and PRACTICAL clinical trials. 
             
             
              Methods 
              The number and proportion of participants at study end in each ACQ-5 category (‘well-controlled’, ‘partly controlled’ or ‘inadequately controlled’ symptoms), and in each responder category based on the minimal clinically important difference for ACQ-5 of 0.5 (improved, no change and worse) with as-needed budesonide–formoterol and maintenance budesonide plus SABA treatment were calculated. 
             
             
              Results 
              With last observation carried forwards, 189/214 (88.3\%) and 354/434 (81.6\%) of patients in the budesonide–formoterol group had ‘well-controlled’ or ‘partly controlled’ symptoms at the end of the study, vs 183/214 (85.5\%) and 358/431 (83.1\%) in the budesonide maintenance group, for Novel START and PRACTICAL, respectively. The proportion of patients whose symptom control was either improved or unchanged from baseline was 190/214 (88.8\%) and 368/434 (84.8\%) for budesonide–formoterol, vs 185/214 (86.4\%) and 376/431 (87.2\%) for maintenance budesonide, in Novel START and PRACTICAL respectively. 
             
             
              Conclusions 
              There were no clinically important differences in the proportions of patients with ‘well-controlled’ or ‘partly controlled’ asthma symptoms, or proportions who improved or maintained their level of control, with as-needed budesonide–formoterol versus maintenance budesonide plus SABA.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {BMJ Open Respiratory Research},
	author = {Hatter, Lee and Houghton, Claire and Bruce, Pepa and Holliday, Mark and Eathorne, Allie and Pavord, Ian and Reddel, Helen K and Hancox, Robert J and Braithwaite, Irene and Oldfield, Karen and Papi, Alberto and Weatherall, Mark and Beasley, Richard},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e001271},
}

@article{hatter_breath_2022,
	title = {A breath of fresh {AIR}: reducing the carbon footprint of asthma},
	volume = {25},
	issn = {1369-6998, 1941-837X},
	shorttitle = {A breath of fresh {AIR}},
	url = {https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13696998.2022.2078573},
	doi = {10.1080/13696998.2022.2078573},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Journal of Medical Economics},
	author = {Hatter, Lee and Bruce, Pepa and Beasley, Richard},
	month = dec,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {700--702},
}

@article{harwood_audit_2022,
	title = {An audit of a marae-based health centre management of {COVID}-19 community cases in {South} {Auckland}},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {1175-8716},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1549},
	journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
	author = {Harwood, Matire and Te Paa, Selwyn and Kearns, Nethmi and Luki, Helaman and Anderson, Augustus and Semprini, Alex and Beasley, Richard},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35728148},
	keywords = {COVID-19, Health Facilities, Humans, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, New Zealand},
	pages = {120--128},
}

@article{harwood_barriers_2022,
	title = {Barriers to optimal stroke service care and solutions: a qualitative study engaging people with stroke and their whānau},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {1175-8716},
	shorttitle = {Barriers to optimal stroke service care and solutions},
	abstract = {AIM: The aim of this study was to explore the perspectives of people with stroke and their whānau on barriers to accessing best practice care across Aotearoa, and to brainstorm potential solutions.
METHOD: We conducted ten focus groups nationwide and completed a thematic analysis.
RESULTS: Analysis of the data collected from the focus groups identified five themes: (1) inconsistencies in stroke care; (2) importance of effective communication; (3) the role of whānau support; (4) the need for more person rather than stroke centred processes; and (5) experienced inequities. Participants also identified potential solutions.
CONCLUSION: Key recommendations include the need for improved access to stroke unit care for rural residents, improved post-discharge support and care coordination involving the whānau, improved communication across the patient journey, and a concerted effort to improve culturally safe care. Next step is to implement and monitor these recommendations.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1556},
	journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
	author = {Harwood, Matire L. N. and Ranta, Anna and Thompson, Stephanie G. and Ranta, Syrah M. and Brewer, Karen and Gommans, John H. and Davis, Alan and Barber, P. Alan and Corbin, Marine and Fink, John N. and McNaughton, Harry K. and Abernethy, Ginny and Girvan, Jackie and Feigin, Valery and Wilson, Andrew and Cadilhac, Dominique and Denison, Hayley and Kim, Joosup and Levack, William and Douwes, Jeroen},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35728251},
	keywords = {Aftercare, Humans, New Zealand, Patient Discharge, Qualitative Research, Stroke},
	pages = {81--93},
}

@article{harper_audit_2022,
	title = {Audit of oxygen administration to achieve a target oxygen saturation range in acutely unwell medical patients},
	volume = {98},
	copyright = {https://academic.oup.com/pages/standard-publication-reuse-rights},
	issn = {0032-5473, 1469-0756},
	url = {https://academic.oup.com/pmj/article/98/1160/461/6958885},
	doi = {10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139511},
	abstract = {Abstract 
             
              Purpose of the study 
              To evaluate documentation of a target oxygen saturation (SpO2) range and ability to achieve this range in acutely unwell inpatients. 
             
             
              Study design 
              In this single-centre audit, patients with discharge diagnoses of pneumonia, heart failure and exacerbation of asthma or COPD admitted to Wellington Regional Hospital, New Zealand between 1 June 2019 and 31 August 2019 who received oxygen were identified. In those with a documented target SpO2 range, the proportion of SpO2 measurements in the observation chart which were within, above and below range were determined as well as the maximum and minimum SpO2. Regression analysis was performed to determine whether these outcomes were influenced by the prescribed range, high-dependency care or the number of adjustments to oxygen administration. 
             
             
              Results 
              268 admissions were screened. Of the 100 eligible admissions who received oxygen, a target SpO2 range was documented in 62. The mean (SD) proportion of SpO2 measurements within range was 56.2 (30.6)\%. A hypercapnic target SpO2 range was associated with a higher probability of an SpO2 above range; multivariate OR 5.34 (95\% CI 1.65 to 17.3, p=0.006) and a lower probability of an SpO2 below range; multivariate OR 0.25 (95\% CI 0.08 to 0.80) p=0.02. The mean (SD) maximum SpO2 was similar in those with a target range of 92\%–96\% versus a hypercapnic range; 96.2 (3.0)\% and 95.2 (3.4)\%, respectively. 
             
             
              Conclusions 
              Oxygen prescription and delivery in this clinical setting was suboptimal. SpO2 values above the designated range are common, particularly in patients with a hypercapnic target range.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1160},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Postgraduate Medical Journal},
	author = {Harper, James and Kearns, Nethmi and Bird, Grace and McLachlan, Robert and Eathorne, Allie and Weatherall, Mark and Beasley, Richard},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {461--465},
}

@article{hammond_balanced_2022,
	title = {Balanced {Crystalloids} versus {Saline} in {Critically} {Ill} {Adults} — {A} {Systematic} {Review} with {Meta}-{Analysis}},
	volume = {1},
	issn = {2766-5526},
	url = {https://evidence.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/EVIDoa2100010},
	doi = {10.1056/EVIDoa2100010},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {NEJM Evidence},
	author = {Hammond, Naomi E. and Zampieri, Fernando G. and Di Tanna, Gian Luca and Garside, Tessa and Adigbli, Derick and Cavalcanti, Alexandre B. and Machado, Flavia R. and Micallef, Sharon and Myburgh, John and Ramanan, Mahesh and Rice, Todd W. and Semler, Matthew W. and Young, Paul J. and Venkatesh, Balasubramanian and Finfer, Simon and Delaney, Anthony},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
}

@article{granholm_randomised_2022,
	title = {Randomised clinical trials in critical care: past, present and future},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0342-4642, 1432-1238},
	shorttitle = {Randomised clinical trials in critical care},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-021-06587-9},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-021-06587-9},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Granholm, Anders and Alhazzani, Waleed and Derde, Lennie P. G. and Angus, Derek C. and Zampieri, Fernando G. and Hammond, Naomi E. and Sweeney, Rob Mac and Myatra, Sheila N. and Azoulay, Elie and Rowan, Kathryn and Young, Paul J. and Perner, Anders and Møller, Morten Hylander},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {164--178},
}

@article{graca_changing_2022,
	title = {The changing clinical landscape in acupuncture for women’s health: a cross-sectional online survey in {New} {Zealand} and {Australia}},
	volume = {22},
	issn = {2662-7671},
	shorttitle = {The changing clinical landscape in acupuncture for women’s health},
	url = {https://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12906-022-03576-3},
	doi = {10.1186/s12906-022-03576-3},
	abstract = {Abstract 
             
              Background 
              Acupuncture is a popular treatment for women’s health. Several trials and meta-analysis have been published in recent years on key women’s health conditions but it is unclear if this has led to any changes in clinical practice or referrals from other health professionals. The aim of this survey was to explore if, how, and why, aspects of acupuncture practice have changed since our survey in 2013. 
             
             
              Method 
              An online cross-sectional survey of registered acupuncturists and Chinese Medicine practitioners in Australia and New Zealand. Questions covered the practitioner demographics and training, women’s health conditions commonly treated, modalities used, sources of information and continuing education (CE) (e.g. webinars), changes in clinical practice, and referral networks. 
             
             
              Results 
              One hundred and seventy registered practitioners responded to this survey, with 93\% reporting treating women’s health in the last 12 months. The majority of respondents were from Australia (60\%), held a bachelors level qualification (60\%), and used a traditional Chinese medicine framework (86\%). Most practitioners incorporated other modalities in addition to acupuncture. Most practitioners’ referral networks were predominantly based on word of mouth for menstrual, fertility and pregnancy related conditions, with referrals from medical practitioners being much less common. More than half (57\%) reported having changed their women’s health practice in the past 12 months; just over a quarter of those who changed treatment (27\%) reported it was due to research findings. The most commonly used sources of information/CE used to inform treatment were webinars and conferences, while peer-reviewed journal articles were the least commonly used source. 
             
             
              Conclusion 
              Acupuncture practitioners in Australia and New Zealand commonly treat women’s health conditions, but this is usually the result of women seeking them out, rather than being referred from a medical practitioner. The majority of practitioners did report changing their women’s health practice, but peer reviewed academic articles alone are not an ideal medium to convey this information since practitioners favour knowledge obtained from webinars and conferences. Academics and other clinician researchers should consider alternative means of disseminating knowledge beyond traditional academic publications and conferences, special interest groups may assist in this and also help improve research literacy.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies},
	author = {Graca, Sandro and Betts, Debra and Roberts, Kate and Smith, Caroline A. and Armour, Mike},
	month = dec,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {94},
}

@article{golam_burden_2022,
	title = {The burden of mild asthma: {Clinical} burden and healthcare resource utilisation in the {NOVELTY} study},
	volume = {200},
	issn = {09546111},
	shorttitle = {The burden of mild asthma},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0954611122001287},
	doi = {10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106863},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Respiratory Medicine},
	author = {Golam, Sarowar Muhammad and Janson, Christer and Beasley, Richard and FitzGerald, J Mark and Harrison, Tim and Chipps, Bradley and Hughes, Rod and Müllerová, Hana and Olaguibel, José María and Rapsomaniki, Eleni and Reddel, Helen K. and Sadatsafavi, Mohsen and Benhabib, Gabriel and Mandhane, Piushkumar and Ruiz, Xavier Bocca and McIvor, Andrew and Olmo, Ricardo Del and Pek, Bonavuth and Lisanti, Raul Eduardo and Petrella, Robert and Marino, Gustavo and Stollery, Daniel and Mattarucco, Walter and Chen, Meihua and Nogueira, Juan and Chen, Yan and Parody, Maria and Gu, Wei and Pascale, Pablo and Hui, Kim Ming Christopher and Rodriguez, Pablo and Li, Manxiang and Silva, Damian and Li, Shiyue and Svetliza, Graciela and Ma, Lijun and Victorio, Carlos F. and Qin, Guangyue and Rolon, Roxana Willigs and Song, Weidong and Yañez, Anahi and Tan, Wei and Baines, Stuart and Tang, Yijun and Bowler, Simon and Wang, Chen and Bremner, Peter and Wang, Tan and Bull, Sheetal and Wen, Fuqiang and Carroll, Patrick and Wu, Feng and Chaalan, Mariam and Xiang, PingChao and Farah, Claude and Xiao, Zuke and Hammerschlag, Gary and Xiong, Shengdao and Hancock, Kerry and Yang, Jinghua and Harrington, Zinta and Yang, Jingping and Katsoulotos, Gregory and Zhang, Caiqing and Kim, Joshua and Zhang, Min and Langton, David and Zhang, Ping and Lee, Donald and Zhang, Wei and Peters, Matthew and Zheng, Xiaohe and Prassad, Lakshman and Zhu, Dan and Reddel, Helen and Bolivar Grimaldos, Fabio and Sajkov, Dimitar and Arboleda, Alejandra Cañas and Santiago, Francis and Bueno, Carlos Matiz and Simpson, Frederick Graham and Molina De Salazar, Dora and Tai, Sze and Bendstrup, Elisabeth and Thomas, Paul and Hilberg, Ole and Wark, Peter and Kjellerup, Carsten and Cançado, José Eduardo Delfini and Weinreich, Ulla and Cunha, Thúlio and Bonniaud, Philippe and Lima, Marina and Brun, Olivier and Cardoso, Alexandre Pinto and Burgel, Pierre-Régis and Rabahi, Marcelo and Chouaid, Christos and Anees, Syed and Couturaud, Francis and Bertley, John and De Blic, Jacques and Bell, Alan and Debieuvre, Didier and Cheema, Amarjit and Delsart, Dominique and Chouinard, Guy and Demaegdt, Axelle and Csanadi, Michael and Demoly, Pascal and Dhar, Anil and Deschildre, Antoine and Dhillon, Ripple and Devouassoux, Gilles and FitzGerald, J. Mark and Egron, Carole and Kanawaty, David and Falchero, Lionel and Kelly, Allan and Goupil, François and Killorn, William and Kessler, Romain and Landry, Daniel and Le Roux, Pascal and Luton, Robert and Mabire, Pascal and Mahay, Guillaume and Ide, Yumiko and Martinez, Stéphanie and Inomata, Minehiko and Melloni, Boris and Inoue, Hiromasa and Moreau, Laurent and Inoue, Koji and Raherison, Chantal and Inoue, Sumito and Riviere, Emilie and Kato, Motokazu and Roux-Claudé, Pauline and Kawasaki, Masayuki and Soulier, Michel and Kawayama, Tomotaka and Vignal, Guillaume and Kita, Toshiyuki and Yaici, Azzedine and Kobayashi, Kanako and Aries, Sven Philip and Koto, Hiroshi and Bals, Robert and Nishi, Koichi and Beck, Ekkehard and Saito, Junpei and Deimling, Andreas and Shimizu, Yasuo and Feimer, Jan and Shirai, Toshihiro and Grimm-Sachs, Vera and Sugihara, Naruhiko and Groth, Gesine and Takahashi, Ken-ichi and Herth, Felix and Tashimo, Hiroyuki and Hoheisel, Gerhard and Tomii, Keisuke and Kanniess, Frank and Yamada, Takashi and Lienert, Thomas and Yanai, Masaru and Mronga, Silke and Javier, Ruth Cerino and Reinhardt, Jörg and Domínguez Peregrina, Alfredo and Schlenska, Christian and Corzo, Marco Fernández and Stolpe, Christoph and Montano Gonzalez, Efraín and Teber, Ishak and Ramírez-Venegas, Alejandra and Timmermann, Hartmut and Rendon, Adrian and Ulrich, Thomas and Boersma, Willem and Velling, Peter and Djamin, R.S. and Wehgartner-Winkler, Sabina and Eijsvogel, Michiel and Welling, Juergen and Franssen, Frits and Winkelmann, Ernst-Joachim and Goosens, Martijn and Barbetta, Carlo and Graat-Verboom, Lidwien and Braido, Fulvio and Veen, Johannes In 'T and Cardaci, Vittorio and Janssen, Rob and Clini, Enrico Maria and Kuppens, Kim and Costantino, Maria Teresa and Van Den Berge, Maarten and Cuttitta, Giuseppina and Van De Ven, Mario and Di Gioacchino, Mario and Brunstad, Ole Petter and Fois, Alessandro and Einvik, Gunnar and Foschino-Barbaro, Maria Pia and Høines, Kristian Jong and Gammeri, Enrico and Khusrawi, Alamdar and Inchingolo, Riccardo and Oien, Torbjorn and Lavorini, Federico and Chang, Yoon-Seok and Molino, Antonio and Cho, Young Joo and Nucera, Eleonora and Hwang, Yong Il and Papi, Alberto and Kim, Woo Jin and Patella, Vincenzo and Koh, Young-Il and Pesci, Alberto and Lee, Byung-Jae and Ricciardolo, Fabio and Lee, Kwan-Ho and Rogliani, Paola and Lee, Sang-Pyo and Sarzani, Riccardo and Lee, Yong Chul and Vancheri, Carlo and Lim, Seong Yong and Vincenti, Rigoletta and Min, Kyung Hun and Endo, Takeo and Oh, Yeon-Mok and Fujita, Masaki and Park, Choon-Sik and Hara, Yu and Park, Hae-Sim and Horiguchi, Takahiko and Park, Heung-Woo and Hosoi, Keita and Rhee, Chin Kook and Yoon, Ho Joo and Morice, Alyn and Yoon, Hyoung-Kyu and Pandya, Preeti and García-Navarro, Alvar Agusti and Patel, Manish and Andújar, Rubén and Roy, Kay and Anoro, Laura and Sathyamurthy, Ramamurthy and García, María Buendía and Thiagarajan, Swaminathan and Mozo, Paloma Campo and Turner, Alice and Campos, Sergio and Vestbo, Jorgen and Maldonado, Francisco Casas and Wedzicha, Wisia and Castilla Martínez, Manuel and Wilkinson, Tom and Serrano, Carolina Cisneros and Wilson, Pete and Comeche Casanova, Lorena and Al-Asadi, Lo’Ay and Corbacho, Dolores and Anholm, James and Campo Matías, Felix Del and Averill, Frank and Echave-Sustaeta, Jose and Bansal, Sandeep and Corral, Gloria Francisco and Baptist, Alan and Gamboa Setién, Pedro and Campbell, Colin and García Clemente, Marta and Campos, Michael A. and Núñez, Ignacio García and Chipps, Bradley and Robaina, Jose García and Crook, Gretchen and García Salmones, Mercedes and DeLeon, Samuel and Marín Trigo, Jose Maria and Eid, Alain and Fernandez, Marta Nuñez and Epstein, Ellen and Palomo, Sara Nuñez and Fritz, Stephen and Olaguibel Rivera, José and Harris, Hoadley and De Llano, Luis Pérez and Hewitt, Mitzie and Pueyo Bastida, Ana and Holguin, Fernando and Rañó, Ana and Hudes, Golda and Rodríguez González-Moro, José and Jackson, Richard and Reig, Albert Roger and Kaufman, Alan and Velasco Garrido, José and Kaufman, David and Curiac, Dan and Klapholz, Ari and Janson, Christer and Krishna, Harshavardhan and Lif-Tiberg, Cornelia and Lee, Daria and Luts, Anders and Lin, Robert and Råhlen, Lennart and Maselli-Caceres, Diego and Rustscheff, Stefan and Mehta, Vinay and Adams, Frances and Moy, James N. and Bradman, Drew and Nwokoro, Ugo and Broughton, Emma and Parikh, Purvi and Cosgrove, John and Parikh, Sudhir and Flood-Page, Patrick and Perrino, Frank and Fuller, Elizabeth and Ruhlmann, James and Harrison, Timothy and Sassoon, Catherine and Hartley, David and Settipane, Russell A. and Hattotuwa, Keith and Sousa, Daniel and Jones, Gareth and Sriram, Peruvemba and Lewis, Keir and Wachs, Richard and McGarvey, Lorcan},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {106863},
}

@article{garg_multiple_2022,
	title = {Multiple {Systemic} {Arterial} {Aneurysms} in {Kawasaki} {Disease}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0271-5333, 1527-1323},
	url = {http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/rg.220002},
	doi = {10.1148/rg.220002},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {RadioGraphics},
	author = {Garg, Tushar and Kearns, Ciléin and Kim, Esther and Ballard, David H.},
	month = may,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {E88--E89},
}

@article{fujii_effect_2022,
	title = {Effect of adjunctive vitamin {C}, glucocorticoids, and vitamin {B1} on longer-term mortality in adults with sepsis or septic shock: a systematic review and a component network meta-analysis},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0342-4642, 1432-1238},
	shorttitle = {Effect of adjunctive vitamin {C}, glucocorticoids, and vitamin {B1} on longer-term mortality in adults with sepsis or septic shock},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-021-06558-0},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-021-06558-0},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Fujii, Tomoko and Salanti, Georgia and Belletti, Alessandro and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Carr, Anitra and Furukawa, Toshi A. and Luethi, Nora and Luo, Yan and Putzu, Alessandro and Sartini, Chiara and Tsujimoto, Yasushi and Udy, Andrew A. and Yanase, Fumitaka and Young, Paul J.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {16--24},
}

@article{foster_perspectives_2022,
	title = {Perspectives of mild asthma patients on maintenance versus as-needed preventer treatment regimens: a qualitative study},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2044-6055, 2044-6055},
	shorttitle = {Perspectives of mild asthma patients on maintenance versus as-needed preventer treatment regimens},
	url = {https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048537},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048537},
	abstract = {Objectives 
              As-needed low-dose combination budesonide-formoterol is recommended by asthma guidelines in many countries as an alternative to maintenance inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for treatment of mild asthma, but there are few data on patient attitudes toward these regimens. This study explored the comparative implementation experiences and future treatment preferences of mild asthma patients who had experienced these two treatment regimens. 
             
             
              Setting 
              A subgroup of adults randomised to maintenance ICS or as-needed ICS-formoterol in a multinational, 52-week open-label randomised controlled trial (NovelSTART) in mild asthma patients were interviewed to explore their motivations for treatment use during the study and their preferences for future treatment. 
             
             
              Participants 
              Semistructured interviews were conducted with 74 participants (Maintenance group: n=39, As-needed group n=35, mean age 38 (range 19–69)) and thematically analysed from transcribed audiorecordings. 
             
             
              Results 
              Emergent themes from analysis comprised: ‘How much my asthma affects me’ (how their asthma’s impact affected their self-management motivation); ‘What I know about asthma’ (limited knowledge impeded appropriate self-management decision making); ‘How much effort this treatment regimen involves for me’ (treatment complexity and/or difficulty establishing a medication routine impeded implementation, particularly in the Maintenance group); and ‘My beliefs about the benefits and risks of this treatment’ (patients who considered their treatment as ineffective, eg, limited difference in symptoms relative to salbutamol (both groups) or slower onset of relief (As-needed group) had poor motivation to use the treatment). Due to the simplicity of the as-needed combination strategy, this was the preferred future regimen, even by patients who had not yet tried it. 
             
             
              Conclusions 
              Key patient perspectives on the implementation of preventer treatments for mild asthma included factors relating to perceived asthma burden, disease knowledge, treatment complexity and treatment usefulness or safety. The as-needed budesonide-formoterol regimen was preferred to maintenance ICS treatment in mild asthma though patient education is urgently needed to address implementation motivation. 
             
             
              Trial registration number 
              ACTRN12615000999538.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {BMJ Open},
	author = {Foster, Juliet and Beasley, Richard and Braithwaite, Irene and Harrison, Tim and Holliday, Mark and Pavord, Ian and Reddel, Helen},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e048537},
}

@article{finfer_balanced_2022,
	title = {Balanced {Multielectrolyte} {Solution} versus {Saline} in {Critically} {Ill} {Adults}},
	volume = {386},
	copyright = {http://www.nejmgroup.org/legal/terms-of-use.htm},
	issn = {0028-4793, 1533-4406},
	url = {http://www.nejm.org/doi/10.1056/NEJMoa2114464},
	doi = {10.1056/NEJMoa2114464},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {New England Journal of Medicine},
	author = {Finfer, Simon and Micallef, Sharon and Hammond, Naomi and Navarra, Leanlove and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Billot, Laurent and Delaney, Anthony and Gallagher, Martin and Gattas, David and Li, Qiang and Mackle, Diane and Mysore, Jayanthi and Saxena, Manoj and Taylor, Colman and Young, Paul and Myburgh, John},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {815--826},
}

@article{doppen_cannabis_2022,
	title = {Cannabis in {Palliative} {Care}: {A} {Systematic} {Review} of {Current} {Evidence}},
	volume = {64},
	issn = {08853924},
	shorttitle = {Cannabis in {Palliative} {Care}},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0885392422007606},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2022.06.002},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Journal of Pain and Symptom Management},
	author = {Doppen, Marjan and Kung, Stacey and Maijers, Ingrid and John, Mary and Dunphy, Harriette and Townsley, Hermaleigh and Eathorne, Allie and Semprini, Alex and Braithwaite, Irene},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e260--e284},
}

@article{darvall_impact_2022,
	title = {Impact of frailty on persistent critical illness: a population-based cohort study},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0342-4642, 1432-1238},
	shorttitle = {Impact of frailty on persistent critical illness},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-022-06617-0},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-022-06617-0},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Darvall, Jai N. and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Bailey, Michael and Young, Paul J. and Rockwood, Kenneth and Pilcher, David},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {343--351},
}

@article{darvall_frailty_2022,
	title = {Frailty in the {ICU}: information is the required first step},
	volume = {48},
	issn = {0342-4642, 1432-1238},
	shorttitle = {Frailty in the {ICU}},
	url = {https://link.springer.com/10.1007/s00134-022-06837-4},
	doi = {10.1007/s00134-022-06837-4},
	language = {en},
	number = {9},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Intensive Care Medicine},
	author = {Darvall, Jai N. and Bellomo, Rinaldo and Bailey, Michael and Young, Paul J. and Pilcher, David},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1260--1261},
}

@article{daley-yates_metabolomic_2022,
	title = {Metabolomic changes related to airway inflammation, asthma pathogenesis and systemic activity following inhaled fluticasone furoate/vilanterol: a randomized controlled trial},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1465-993X},
	shorttitle = {Metabolomic changes related to airway inflammation, asthma pathogenesis and systemic activity following inhaled fluticasone furoate/vilanterol},
	url = {https://respiratory-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12931-022-02164-w},
	doi = {10.1186/s12931-022-02164-w},
	abstract = {Abstract 
             
              Background 
              Fluticasone furoate/vilanterol trifenatate (FF/VI) is an inhaled therapy for the treatment of asthma, with a prolonged duration of anti-inflammatory and bronchodilatory action. This study investigated the global metabolomic and lipidomic profile following treatment with FF/VI or placebo and assessed whether changes correlated with exhaled nitric oxide levels as a measure of airway inflammation. 
             
             
              Methods 
              This was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, crossover, repeat-dose study. Adults with asthma (forced expiratory volume in 1 s ≥ 60\% predicted; fraction of exhaled nitric oxide [FeNO] {\textgreater} 40 parts per billion) received once-daily FF/VI 100 µg/25 µg or placebo for 14 days, followed by a 21-day washout period. Serum samples were taken at pre-dose (T1), and 15 and 21 days (T2 and T3, respectively) post dose in each period. The metabolomic and lipidomic profiles were analyzed by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and polar liquid chromatography platforms, and ions were matched to a library of standards for metabolite identification and quantification. FeNO values at each timepoint were evaluated for correlations with the biochemical data. 
             
             
              Results 
              Of 27 randomized participants (mean age 24.5 years, 63\% male), 26 provided serum samples for metabolomic analysis. A total of 1969 metabolites were identified, 1634 of which corresponded to a named structure in a reference library. Treatment-related changes in the metabolome were generally subtle, with a modest increase in metabolite perturbations across timepoints. The percentage of metabolites with significant changes (p {\textless} 0.05 for all) (increases↑/decreases↓) versus placebo were: 2.1\% (1.1\%↑/1.0\%↓), 6.7\% (0.46\%↑/6.2\%↓) and 11.8\% (0.86\%↑/10.9\%↓) at T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Treatment with FF/VI reduced FeNO levels by 60\%, whereas the systemic intermediates involved in NO biosynthesis remained unaffected. Evidence of systemic anti-inflammatory activity was seen in complex lipid pathways, suggesting reduced phospholipase-A2 activity, but without downstream impact on free fatty acids or inflammatory mediators. Consistent with the pathogenesis of asthma, there was evidence of higher fatty acid β-oxidation and lower glycolysis in the placebo arm; this pattern was reversed in the treatment arm. 
             
             
              Conclusions 
              Despite the prolonged airway anti-inflammatory action of FF/VI, this was accompanied by only subtle systemic metabolomic and lipidomic changes. 
               
                Trial registration 
                Prospectively registered on ClinicalTrials.gov registry number NCT02712047},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Respiratory Research},
	author = {Daley-Yates, Peter and Keppler, Brian and Baines, Amanda and Bardsley, George and Fingleton, James},
	month = sep,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {258},
}

@article{couillard_blood_2022,
	title = {Blood eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and the risk of asthma attacks in randomised controlled trials: protocol for a systemic review and control arm patient-level meta-analysis for clinical prediction modelling},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2044-6055, 2044-6055},
	shorttitle = {Blood eosinophils, fractional exhaled nitric oxide and the risk of asthma attacks in randomised controlled trials},
	url = {https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058215},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058215},
	abstract = {Introduction 
              The reduction of the risk of asthma attacks is a major goal of guidelines. The fact that type-2 inflammatory biomarkers identify a higher risk, anti-inflammatory responsive phenotype is potentially relevant to this goal. We aim to quantify the relation between blood eosinophils, exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and the risk of severe asthma attacks. 
             
             
              Methods and analysis 
              A systematic review of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) will be conducted by searching MEDLINE from January 1993 to April 2021. We will include RCTs that investigated the effect of fixed treatment(s) regimen(s) on severe asthma exacerbation rates over at least 24 weeks and reported a baseline value for blood eosinophils and FeNO. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the methodological appraisal of the studies will be assessed by the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias Tool for RCTs. Study authors will be contacted to request anonymised individual participant data (IPD) for patients randomised to the trial’s control arm. An IPD meta-analysis will be performed for multivariable prognostic modelling with performance assessment (calibration plots and the c-statistic) in a cross-validation by study procedure. The outcome to predict is the absolute number of severe asthma attacks to occur in the following 12 months if anti-inflammatory therapy is not changed (ie, annualised number of attacks requiring ≥3 days of systemic corticosteroids and/or hospitalisation if the patient was randomised to the control arm of an RCT). A summary prognostic equation and risk stratification chart will be reported as a basis for further analyses of individualised treatment benefit. 
             
             
              Ethics and dissemination 
              The protocol has been reviewed by the relevant Oxford academic ethics committee and found to comprise fully anonymised data not requiring further ethical approbation. Results will be communicated in an international meeting and submitted to a peer-reviewed journal. 
             
             
              PROSPERO registration number 
              CRD42021245337.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {BMJ Open},
	author = {Couillard, Simon and Steyerberg, Ewout and Beasley, Richard and Pavord, Ian},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e058215},
}

@article{couillard_predicting_2022,
	title = {Predicting the benefits of type-2 targeted anti-inflammatory treatment with the prototype {Oxford} {Asthma} {Attack} {Risk} {Scale} ({ORACLE})},
	volume = {8},
	issn = {2312-0541},
	url = {http://openres.ersjournals.com/lookup/doi/10.1183/23120541.00570-2021},
	doi = {10.1183/23120541.00570-2021},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {ERJ Open Research},
	author = {Couillard, Simon and Do, William Il Hoon and Beasley, Richard and Hinks, Timothy S.C. and Pavord, Ian D.},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {00570--2021},
}

@article{costa-pinto_pilot_2022,
	title = {A pilot, feasibility, randomised controlled trial of midodrine as adjunctive vasopressor for low-dose vasopressor-dependent hypotension in intensive care patients: {The} {MAVERIC} study},
	volume = {67},
	issn = {08839441},
	shorttitle = {A pilot, feasibility, randomised controlled trial of midodrine as adjunctive vasopressor for low-dose vasopressor-dependent hypotension in intensive care patients},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0883944121002513},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jcrc.2021.11.004},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Journal of Critical Care},
	author = {Costa-Pinto, Rahul and Yong, Zhen-Ti and Yanase, Fumitaka and Young, Chelsea and Brown, Alastair and Udy, Andrew and Young, Paul J. and Eastwood, Glenn and Bellomo, Rinaldo},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {166--171},
}

@article{chen_effects_2022,
	title = {Effects of inhaled {JAK} inhibitor {GDC}-4379 on exhaled nitric oxide and peripheral biomarkers of inflammation},
	volume = {75},
	issn = {10945539},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1094553922000244},
	doi = {10.1016/j.pupt.2022.102133},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Pulmonary Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
	author = {Chen, Hubert and Kunder, Rebecca and Zou, Yixuan and Staton, Tracy and Zhu, Rui and Galanter, Joshua and Gugelmann, Hallam and Owen, Ryan and Grimbaldeston, Michele A. and Chang, Joanna K. and Durk, Matthew R. and Eliahu, Avi and Wilson, Mark S. and Choy, David F. and Wilson, Maria and Black, Melissa and Doppen, Marjan and Kung, Stacey and Oldfield, Karen and Sparks, Jenny and Beasley, Richard and Braithwaite, Irene},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {102133},
}

@article{carr_corrigendum_2022,
	title = {Corrigendum to “{The} effect of conservative oxygen therapy on systemic biomarkers of oxidative stress in critically ill patients” [{Free} {Radical} {Biology} and {Medicine} 160 (2020) 13-18]},
	volume = {192},
	issn = {08915849},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0891584922006049},
	doi = {10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.09.022},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Free Radical Biology and Medicine},
	author = {Carr, Anitra C. and Spencer, Emma and Mackle, Diane and Hunt, Anna and Judd, Harriet and Mehrtens, Jan and Parker, Kim and Stockwell, Zoe and Gale, Caitlin and Beaumont, Megan and Kaur, Simran and Bihari, Shailesh and Young, Paul J.},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {50},
}

@article{bryce_clinical_2022,
	title = {Clinical features of patients hospitalised with {COVID}-19 from {February} to {October} 2020, during the early waves of the pandemic in {New} {Zealand}},
	volume = {135},
	issn = {1175-8716},
	abstract = {AIM: As New Zealand transitions towards endemic SARS-CoV-2, understanding patient factors predicting severity, as well as hospital resourcing requirements will be essential for future planning.
METHODS: We retrospectively enrolled patients hospitalised with COVID-19 from 26 February to 5 October 2020 as part of the COVID-19 HospitalisEd Patient SeverIty Observational Study NZ (COHESION). Data on demographics, clinical course and outcomes were collected and analysed as a descriptive case series.
RESULTS: Eighty-four patients were identified across eight district health boards. Forty-one (49\%) were male. The median age was 58 years [IQR: 41.7-70.3 years]. By ethnicity, hospitalisations included 38 NZ European (45\%), 19 Pasifika (23\%), 13 Māori (15\%), 12 Asian (14\%) and 2 Other (2\%). Pre-existing co-morbidities included hypertension (26/82, 32\%), obesity (16/66, 24\%) and diabetes (18/81, 22\%). The median length of stay was four days [IQR: 2-15 days]. Twelve patients (12/83, 14\%) were admitted to an intensive care unit or high dependency unit (ICU/HDU). Ten (10/83, 12\%) patients died in hospital of whom seven (70\%) were not admitted to ICU/HDU; the median age at death was 83 years.
CONCLUSION: Despite initially low case numbers in New Zealand during 2020, hospitalisation with COVID-19 was associated with a high mortality and hospital resource requirements.},
	language = {eng},
	journal = {The New Zealand Medical Journal},
	author = {Bryce, Aliya and Foley, Lydia and Phillipson, Juliette and Slow, Sandy and Storer, Malina and Williman, Jonathan and Beasley, Richard and Bhally, Hasan and Chang, Cat L. and Dummer, Jack and Epton, Michael and Furniss, Mary and Gracie, Kathryn and Hancox, Robert J. and Hills, Thomas and Hogg, Stephen and Hotu, Sandra and Kearns, Nethmi and Morpeth, Susan and Murdoch, David and Raymond, Nigel and Ritchie, Stephen and Wong, Conroy and Maze, Michael J.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	pmid = {35728191},
	keywords = {COVID-19, Female, Hospital Mortality, Hospitalization, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Middle Aged, New Zealand, Pandemics, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2},
	pages = {120--130},
}

@article{bruce_prophylaxis_2022,
	title = {Prophylaxis in healthcare workers during a pandemic: a model for a multi-centre international randomised controlled trial using {Bayesian} analyses},
	volume = {23},
	issn = {1745-6215},
	shorttitle = {Prophylaxis in healthcare workers during a pandemic},
	url = {https://trialsjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13063-022-06402-w},
	doi = {10.1186/s13063-022-06402-w},
	abstract = {Abstract 
             
              Background 
              Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has exposed the disproportionate effects of pandemics on frontline workers and the ethical imperative to provide effective prophylaxis. We present a model for a pragmatic randomised controlled trial (RCT) that utilises Bayesian methods to rapidly determine the efficacy or futility of a prophylactic agent. 
             
             
              Methods 
              We initially planned to undertake a multicentre, phase III, parallel-group, open-label RCT, to determine if hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) taken once a week was effective in preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in healthcare workers (HCW) aged ≥ 18 years in New Zealand (NZ) and Ireland. Participants were to be randomised 2:1 to either HCQ (800 mg stat then 400 mg weekly) or no prophylaxis. The primary endpoint was time to Nucleic Acid Amplification Test-proven SARS-CoV-2 infection. Secondary outcome variables included mortality, hospitalisation, intensive care unit admissions and length of mechanical ventilation. 
              The trial had no fixed sample size or duration of intervention. Bayesian adaptive analyses were planned to occur fortnightly, commencing with a weakly informative prior for the no prophylaxis group hazard rate and a moderately informative prior on the intervention log hazard ratio centred on ‘no effect’. Stopping for expected success would be executed if the intervention had a greater than 0.975 posterior probability of reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by more than 10\%. Final success would be declared if, after completion of 8 weeks of follow-up (reflecting the long half-life of HCQ), the prophylaxis had at least a 0.95 posterior probability of reducing the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection by more than 10\%. Futility would be declared if HCQ was shown to have less than a 0.10 posterior probability of reducing acquisition of SARS-CoV-2 infection by more than 20\%. 
             
             
              Discussion 
              This study did not begin recruitment due to the marked reduction in COVID-19 cases in NZ and concerns regarding the efficacy and risks of HCQ treatment in COVID-19. Nonetheless, the model presented can be easily adapted for other potential prophylactic agents and pathogens, and pre-established collaborative models like this should be shared and incorporated into future pandemic preparedness planning. 
             
             
              Trial registration 
              The decision not to proceed with the study was made before trial registration occurred.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Trials},
	author = {Bruce, Pepa and Ainscough, Kate and Hatter, Lee and Braithwaite, Irene and Berry, Lindsay R. and Fitzgerald, Mark and Hills, Thomas and Brickell, Kathy and Cosgrave, David and Semprini, Alex and Morpeth, Susan and Berry, Scott and Doran, Peter and Young, Paul and Beasley, Richard and Nichol, Alistair},
	month = dec,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {534},
}

@article{brewer_what_2022,
	title = {What are the gaps in cardiovascular risk assessment and management in primary care for {Māori} and {Pacific} people in {Aotearoa} {New} {Zealand}? {Protocol} for a systematic review},
	volume = {12},
	issn = {2044-6055, 2044-6055},
	shorttitle = {What are the gaps in cardiovascular risk assessment and management in primary care for {Māori} and {Pacific} people in {Aotearoa} {New} {Zealand}?},
	url = {https://bmjopen.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060145},
	doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060145},
	abstract = {Introduction 
              In New Zealand, significant inequities exist between Māori and Pacific peoples compared with non-Māori, non-Pacific peoples in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, hospitalisations and management rates. This review will quantify and qualify already-reported gaps in CVD risk assessment and management in primary care for Māori and Pacific peoples compared with non-Māori/non-Pacific peoples in New Zealand. 
             
             
              Methods and analysis 
              We will conduct a systematic search of the following electronic databases and websites from 1 January 2000 to 31 December 2021: MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL Plus, NZresearch.org, National Library Catalogue (Te Puna), Index New Zealand (INNZ), Australia/New Zealand Reference Centre. In addition, we will search relevant websites such as the Ministry of Health and research organisations. Data sources will include published peer reviewed articles, reports and theses employing qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods. 
              Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts of the citations and grade each as eligible, not eligible or might be eligible. Two reviewers will read each full report, with one medically qualified reviewer reading all reports and two other reviewers reading half each. The final list of included citations will be compiled from the results of the full report reading and agreed on by three reviewers. Data abstracted will include authors, title, year, study characteristics and participant characteristics. Data analysis and interpretation will involve critical inquiry and a strength-based approach that is inclusive of Māori and Pacific values. This means that critical appraisal includes an assessment of quality from an Indigenous perspective. 
             
             
              Ethics and dissemination 
              Ethical approval is not required. The findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and shared with stakeholders. This review contributes to a larger project which creates a Quality-Improvement Equity Roadmap to reduce barriers to Māori and Pacific peoples accessing evidence-based CVD care.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {BMJ Open},
	author = {Brewer, Karen Marie and Grey, Corina and Paynter, Janine and Winter-Smith, Julie and Hanchard, Sandra and Selak, Vanessa and Ameratunga, Shanthi and Harwood, Matire},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e060145},
}

@article{remap-cap_writing_committee_for_the_remap-cap_investigators_effect_2022,
	title = {Effect of {Antiplatelet} {Therapy} on {Survival} and {Organ} {Support}–{Free} {Days} in {Critically} {Ill} {Patients} {With} {COVID}-19: {A} {Randomized} {Clinical} {Trial}},
	volume = {327},
	issn = {0098-7484},
	shorttitle = {Effect of {Antiplatelet} {Therapy} on {Survival} and {Organ} {Support}–{Free} {Days} in {Critically} {Ill} {Patients} {With} {COVID}-19},
	url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2790488},
	doi = {10.1001/jama.2022.2910},
	language = {en},
	number = {13},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {JAMA},
	author = {{REMAP-CAP Writing Committee for the REMAP-CAP Investigators} and Florescu, Simin and Stanciu, Delia and Zaharia, Mihaela and Kosa, Alma and Codreanu, Daniel and Kidwai, Aneela and Masood, Sobia and Kaye, Callum and Coutts, Amanda and MacKay, Lynn and Summers, Charlotte and Polgarova, Petra and Farahi, Neda and Fox, Eleonore and McWilliam, Stephen and Hawcutt, Daniel and Rad, Laura and O’Malley, Laura and Whitbread, Jennifer and Jones, Dawn and Dore, Rachael and Saunderson, Paula and Kelsall, Olivia and Cowley, Nicholas and Wild, Laura and Thrush, Jessica and Wood, Hannah and Austin, Karen and Bélteczki, János and Magyar, István and Fazekas, Ágnes and Kovács, Sándor and Szőke, Viktória and Donnelly, Adrian and Kelly, Martin and Smyth, Naoise and O’Kane, Sinéad and McClintock, Declan and Warnock, Majella and Campbell, Ryan and McCallion, Edmund and Azaiz, Amine and Charron, Cyril and Godement, Mathieu and Geri, Guillaume and Vieillard-Baron, Antoine and Johnson, Paul and McKenna, Shirley and Hanley, Joanne and Currie, Andrew and Allen, Barbara and McGoldrick, Clare and McMaster, Moyra and Mani, Ashwin and Mathew, Meghena and Kandeepan, Revathi and Vignesh, C and Tv, Bharath and Ramakrishnan, N and James, Augustian and Elvira, Evangeline and Jayakumar, Devachandran and Pratheema, Ramachandran and Babu, Suresh and Ebenezer, R and Krishnaoorthy, S and Ranganathan, Lakshmi and Ganesan, Manisha and Shree, Madhu and Guilder, Eileen and Butler, Magdalena and Cowdrey, Keri-Anne and Robertson, Melissa and Ali, Farisha and McMahon, Ellie and Duffy, Eamon and Chen, Yan and Simmonds, Catherine and McConnochie, Rachael and O’Connor, Caroline and El-Khawas, Khaled and Richardson, Angus and Hill, Dianne and Commons, Robert and Abdelkharim, Hussam and Jha, Rajeev and Kalogirou, Michael and Ellis, Christine and Krishnamurthy, Vinodh and O’Connor, Aibhilin and Thurairatnam, Saranya and Mukherjee, Dipak and Kaliappan, Agilan and Vertue, Mark and Nicholson, Anne and Riches, Joanne and Maloney, Gracie and Kittridge, Lauren and Solesbury, Amanda and Ramos, Angelo and Collins, Daniel and Brickell, Kathy and Reid, Liadain and Smyth, Michelle and Breen, Patrick and Spain, Sandra and Curley, Gerard and McEvoy, Natalie and Geoghegan, Pierce and Clarke, Jennifer and Silversides, Jon and McGuigan, Peter and Ward, Kathryn and O’Neill, Aisling and Finn, Stephanie and Wright, Chris and Green, Jackie and Collins, Érin and Knott, Cameron and Smith, Julie and Boschert, Catherine and Slieker, Kitty and Ewalds, Esther and Sanders, Arnate and Wittenberg, Wendy and Geurts, Heidi and Reeve, Brenda and Dechert, William and Phillips, Barbara and Oritz-Ruiz de Gordoa, Laura and Affleck, Julia and Apte, Yogesh and Subbanna, Umesh and Bartholdy, Roland and Frakking, Thuy and Pinnell, Jez and Robinson, Matt and Gledhill, Lisa and Wood, Tracy and Keat, Karuna and Bhonagiri, Deepak and Sanghavi, Ritesh and Nema, Jodie and Ford, Megan and Parikh, Harshel and Avard, Bronwyn and Nourse, Mary and Hoiting, Oscar and Peters, Marco and Rengers, Els and Evers, Mirjam and Prinssen, Anton and Morgan, Matt and Cole, Jade and Hill, Helen and Davies, Michelle and Williams, Angharad and Thomas, Emma and Davies, Rhys and Wise, Matt and Grimm, Patrick and Soukup, Jens and Wetzold, Richard and Löbel, Madlen and Starke, Lisa and Lellouche, Francois and Lizotte, Patricia and Declerq, Pierre and Antoine, Marchalot and Stephanie, Gelinotte and Jean-Pierre, Eraldi and François, Bourgerol and Marion, Beuzelin and Philippe, Rigaud and Pourcine, Franck and Monchi, Mehran and Luis, David and Mercier, Romain and Sagnier, Anne and Verrier, Nathalie and Caplin, Cecile and Richecoeu, Jack and Combaux, Daniele and Siami, Shidasp and Aparicio, Christelle and Vautier, Sarah and Jeblaoui, Asma and Lemaire-Brunel, Delphine and Carbonneau, Frédérick and Leblond, Julie and Plantefeve, Gaetan and Leparco, Cécile and Contou, Damien and Fartoukh, Muriel and Courtin, Laura and Labbe, Vincent and Voiriot, Guillaume and Salhi, Sara and Chassé, Michaël and Carrier, François and Boumahni, Dounia and Benettaib, Fatna and Ghamraoui, Ali and Sement, Arnaud and Gachet, Alexandre and Hanisch, Alexis and Haffiane, Abdelmagid and Boivin, Anne-Hélène and Barreau, Amelie and Guerineau, Elodie and Poupblanc, Séverine and Egreteau, Pierre and Lefevre, Montaine and Bocher, Simon and Le Loup, Guillaume and Le Guen, Lenaïg and Carn, Vanessa and Bertel, Melanie and Antcliffe, David and Templeton, Maie and Rojo, Roceld and Coghlan, Phoebe and Smee, Joanna and Barker, Gareth and Finn, André and Kreß, Gabriele and Hoff, Uwe and Hinrichs, Carl and Nee, Jens and Mackay, Euan and Cort, Jon and Whileman, Amanda and Spencer, Thomas and Spittle, Nick and Beavis, Sarah and Padmakumar, Anand and Dale, Katie and Hawes, Joanne and Moakes, Emma and Gascoyne, Rachel and Pritchard, Kelly and Stevenson, Lesley and Cooke, Justin and Nemeth-Roszpopa, Karolina and Gauli, Basanta and Bastola, Sirjana and Muller, Grégoire and Nay, Mai-Anh and Kamel, Toufik and Benzekri, Dalila and Jacquier, Sophie and Runge, Isabelle and Mathonnet, Armelle and Barbier, François and Bretagnol, Anne and Carter, Jay and Van Der Heyden, Kymbalee and Mehrtens, Jan and Morris, Anna and Morgan, Stacey and Burke, Tara and Mercier, Emmanuelle and Chartier, Delphine and Salmon, Charlotte and Dequin, Pierre-François and Garot, Denis and Bellemare, David and Cloutier, Ève and Daher, Rana and Costerousse, Olivier and Boulanger, Marie-Claude and Couillard-Chénard, Émilie and Francoeur, François and Francois, Bruno and Gay, Alexandra and Anne-Laure, Fedou and Ramali, Mohamed and Hc, Ooi and Ghosh, Alison and Osagie, Rawlings and Arachchige, Malka and Hartley, Melissa and Cheung, Winston and Kol, Mark and Wong, Helen and Shah, Asim and Wagh, Atul and Bamford, Peter and Reid, Andrew and Cawley, Kathryn and Faulkner, Maria and Pickering, Charlotte and Raj, Ashok and Tsinaslanidis, Georgios and Khade, Reena and Agha, Gloria and Sekiwala, Rose and Smith, Tim and Brewer, Chris and Gregory, Jane and Limb, James and Cowton, Amanda and O’Brien, Julie and Postlethwaite, Kelly and Malakouti, Salim and Music, Edvin and Ricketts, Dan and King, Andrew and Clermont, Gilles and Bart, Robert and Mayr, Florian and Schoenling, Andrew and Andreae, Mark and Shetty, Varun and Brant, Emily and Malley, Brian and Donadee, Chenell and Sackrowitz, Rachel and Weissman, Alexandra and Yealy, Donald and Barton, David and Talia, Nadine and Nikitas, Nikitas and Wells, Colin and Lankester, Liana and McMillan, Helen and Van Den Oever, Huub and Kruisdijk-Gerritsen, Arriette and Haidar, Ghady and Bain, William and Barbash, Ian and Fitzpatrick, Meghan and Franz, Christopher and Kitsios, Georgios and Moghbeli, Kaveh and Rosborough, Brian and Shah, Faraaz and Suber, Tomeka and Pulletz, Mark and Williams, Patricia and Birch, Jenny and Wiseman, Sophie and Horton, Sarah and Alegria, Ana and Turki, Salah and Elsefi, Tarek and Crisp, Nikki and Allen, Louise and Truman, Nicholas and Smith, Matthew and Chukkambotla, Sri and Goddard, Wendy and Duberley, Stephen and Khan, Meherunnisa and Kazi, Aayesha and Simpson, Joanna and Duke, Graeme and Chan, Peter and Carter, Brittney and Hunter, Stephanie and Voigt, Ingo and Schueler, Robert and Blank, Elisabeth and Hüning, Vanessa and Steffen, Melanie and Goralski, Patricia and Regli, Adrian and Pellicano, Susan and Palermo, Annamaria and Eroglu, Ege and Laver, Russell and Shrestha, Tapaswi and Jin, Xia and French, Craig and Bates, Samantha and Towns, Miriam and Yang, Yang and McGain, Forbes and McCullagh, Iain and Cairns, Tom and Hanson, Helen and Patel, Bijal and Clement, Ian and Evetts, George and Touma, Omar and Holland, Susan and Hodge, Christopher and Taylor, Holly and Alderman, Meera and Barnes, Nicky and Da Rocha, Joana and Smith, Catherine and Brooks, Nicole and Weerasinghe, Thanuja and Sinclair, Julie-Ann and Abusamra, Yousuf and Doherty, Ronan and Cudlipp, Joanna and Singh, Rajeev and Yu, Haili and Daebis, Admad and Ng, Christopher and Kendrick, Sara and Saran, Anita and Makky, Ahmed and Greener, Danni and Rowe-Leete, Louise and Edwards, Alexandra and Bland, Yvonne and Dolman, Rozzie and Foster, Tracy and Laffey, John and McNicholas, Bairbre and Scully, Michael and Casey, Siobhan and Kernan, Maeve and Brennan, Aoife and Rangan, Ritika and Tully, Riona and Corbett, Sarah and McCarthy, Aine and Duffy, Oscar and Burke, David and Linnett, Vanessa and Sanderson, Amanda and Ritzema, Jenny and Wild, Helen and Lucas, Rachael and Marriott, Yvonne and Andric, Zdravko and Cviljevic, Sabina and Đimoti, Renata and Zapalac, Marija and Mirković, Gordan and Khare, Divya and Pinder, Meredith and Gopinath, Amitha and Kannan, Thogulava and Dean, Steven and Vanmali, Piyush and Depuydt, Pieter and De Waele, Jan and De Bus, Liesbet and Fierens, Jan and Bracke, Stephanie and Vermassen, Joris and Vermeiren, Daisy and Pugh, Richard and Lean, Richard and Qiu, Xinyi and Scanlan, Jeremy and Evans, Andrew and Davies, Gwyneth and Lewis, Joanne and Plesnikova, Yvonna and Khoud, Ahmed and Coetzee, Samantha and Puxty, Kathryn and Cathcart, Susanne and Rimmer, Dominic and Bagot, Catherine and Scott, Kathryn and Martin, Laila and Yusuff, Hakeem and Isgro, Graziella and Brightling, Chris and Bourne, Michelle and Craner, Michelle and Boyles, Rebecca and Alexander, Brian and Roberts, Tracey and Nelli, Apoorva and Rosenstein-Sisson, Rachel and Speyer, Rebecca and Pech, Yadira and McCullough, James and Tallott, Mandy and Vazquez-Grande, Gloria and Marten, Nicole and Liu, Theresa and Siddiqui, Atif and Khanal, Sushil and Amatya, Sameena and Szakmany, Tamas and Cherian, Shiney and Williams, Gemma and James, Christie and Waters, Abby and Prout, Rachel and Stedman, Roger and Davies, Louisa and Pegler, Suzannah and Kyeremeh, Lynsey and Moorhouse, Louise and Arbane, Gill and Marotti, Marina and Bociek, Aneta and Campos, Sara and Van Nieuwkoop, Kees and Ottens, Thomas and Visser, Yorik and Van Den Berg, Lettie and Van Der Kraan-Donker, Annemarie and Brett, Stephen and Arias, Sonia and Hall, Rebecca and Paneru, Hem and Koirala, Sabin and Paudel, Pratibha and Wilson, Maggie and Vaara, Suvi and Pettilä, Leena and Heinonen, Jonna and Pettilä, Ville and Jain, Susan and Gupta, Abhinav and Holbrook, Catherine and Antoine, Pierre and Meziani, Ferhat and Allam, Hayat and Cattelan, Jessy and Clere-Jehl, Raphael and Helms, Julie and Kummerlen, Christine and Merdji, Hamid and Monnier, Alexandra and Rahmani, Hassene and Antoine, Studer and Schneider, Francis and Castelain, Vincent and Morel, Guillaume and L’Hotellier, Sylvie and Ochin, Evelina and Vanjak, Christian and Rouge, Patrick and Bendjemar, Lynda and Albert, Martin and Serri, Karim and Cavayas, Alexandros and Duplaix, Mathilde and Williams, Virginie and Catorze, Nuno José Teodoro Amaro Dos Santos and Pereira, Tiago Nuno Alfaro Lima and Ferreira, Ricardo Manuel Castro and Bastos, Joana Margarida Pereira Sousa and Batista, Teresa Margarida Oliveira and Badie, Julio and Berdaguer, Fernando and Malfroy, Sylvain and Mezher, Chaouki and Bourgoin, Charlotte and Moneger, Guy and Bouvier, Elodie and Muñoz-Bermúdez, Rosana and Marin-Corral, Judith and Degracia, Anna and Gómez, Francisco and López, Maria and Aceto, Romina and Aghemo, Alessio and Badalamenti, Salvatore and Brunetta, Enrico and Cecconi, Maurizio and Ciccarelli, Michele and Constantini, Elena and Greco, Massimiliano and Folci, Marco and Selmi, Carlo and Voza, Antonio and Henning, Jeremy and Bonner, Stephen and Hugill, Keith and Cirstea, Emanuel and Wilkinson, Dean and Jones, Jessica and Altomy, Mohammed and Karlikowski, Michal and Sutherland, Helen and Wilhelmsen, Elva and Woods, Jane and North, Julie and Pletz, Mathias and Hagel, Stefan and Ankert, Juliane and Kolanos, Steffi and Bloos, Frank and Simons, Koen and Van Zuylen, Tamara and Bouman, Angela and Kumar, Nikhil and Panwar, Rakshit and Brinkerhoff, Gail and Koppen, Cassandra and Cazzola, Federica and Szigligeti, Gábor and Leszkoven, János and Rochwerg, Bram and Karachi, Tim and Oczkowski, Simon and Centofanti, John and Millen, Tina and Sundaran, Dhinesh and Hollos, Laszlo and Williams, Anna and Turns, Margaret and Walsh, Joanne and Al Qasim, Eman and Alswaidan, Lolowa and Hegazy, Mohamed and Arishi, Hatim and Al Amri, Ali and AlQahtani, Samah and Naidu, Brintha and Tlayjeh, Haytham and Hussain, Sajid and Al Enezi, Farhan and Abdukahil, Sheryl Ann and Hopkins, Phil and Smith, John and Noble, Harriet and O’Reilly, Kevin and Mehta, Reena and Wong, Onyee and Makanju, Esther and Rao, Deepak and Sikondari, Nyma and Saha, Sian and Corcoran, Ele and Pappa, Evita and Cockrell, Maeve and Donegan, Clare and Balaie, Morteza and Nickoleit-Bitzenberger, Daniela and Schaaf, Bernhard and Meermeier, Werner and Prebeg, Katharina and Azzaui, Harun and Hower, Martin and Brieger, Klaus-Gerd and Elender, Corinna and Sabelhaus, Timo and Riepe, Ansgar and Akamp, Ceren and Kremling, Julius and Klein, Daniela and Landsiedel-Mechenbier, Elke and Laha, Shondipon and Verlander, Mark and Williams, Alexandra and Jha, Avinash and Megarbane, Bruno and Voicu, Sebastian and Deye, Nicolas and Malissin, Isabelle and Sutterlin, Laetitia and Mrad, Aymen and Lehalleur, Adrien and Naim, Giulia and Nguyen, Philippe and Ekhérian, Jean-Michel and Boué, Yvonnick and Sidéris, Georgios and Vodovar, Dominique and Guérin, Emmanuelle and Grant, Caroline and Brain, Matthew and Mineall, Sarah and Paramasivam, Elankumaran and Wilby, Elizabeth and Ogg, Bethan and Howcroft, Clare and Aspinwall, Angelique and Charlton, Sam and Gould, Richard and Mistry, Deena and Awan, Sidra and Bedford, Caroline and Carr-Wilkinson, Joanne and Hall, Andrew and Cooke, Jill and Gardiner-Hill, Caroline and Maloney, Carolyn and Brunskill, Nigel and Watchorn, Olivia and Hardy, Chloe and Qureshi, Hafiz and Flint, Neil and Nicholson, Sarah and Southin, Sara and Nicholson, Andrew and Ghattaoraya, Amardeep and Harding, Daniel and O’Halloran, Sinead and Collins, Amy and Smith, Emma and Trues, Estefania and Borgatta, Barbara and Turner-Bone, Ian and Reddy, Amie and Wilding, Laura and Wilson, Craig and Surti, Zuhra and White, Hayden and Estensen, Kristen and Morrison, Lynette and Sutton, Joanne and Cooper, Melanie and Warnapura, Loku and Agno, Ronan and Sathianathan, Prasannakumari and Shaw, Deborah and Ijaz, Nazia and Spong, Adam and Sabaretnam, Suganya and Burns, Dean and Lang, Eva and Tate, Margaret and Fischer, Roy and Biradar, Vishwanath and Soar, Natalie and Golden, David and Davey, Miriam and Seaman, Rebecca and Osborne, Alexander and Bannard-Smith, Jonathan and Clark, Richard and Birchall, Kathrine and Henry, Joanne and Pomeroy, Fiona and Quayle, Rachael and Wylie, Katharine and Sukuraman, Anila and John, Maya and Sibin, Sindhu and Khwaja, Kosar and Campisi, Josie and van Vonderen, Marit and Pietersma, Mario and Vrolijk, Loes and Kampschreur, Linda and Van Gulik, Laura and Makowski, Arystarch and Misztal, Beata and Haider, Syeda and Liao, Angela and Squires, Rebecca and Oborska, Aneta and Kayani, Abdul and Kalchko-Veyssal, Selver and Prabakaran, Rajalakshmi and Hadebe, Bernard and KalchkoVeyssal, Selver and Williams, Tony and Song, Rima and Lai, Vivian and Habraken, Hannah and Stewart, Richard and Mwaura, Esther and Mew, Louise and Wren, Lynn and Willams, Felicity and Sutherland, Sara-Beth and Rebello, Rashmi and Shehabi, Yahya and Al-Bassam, Wisam and Hulley, Amanda and Kadam, Umesh and Sathianathan, Kushaharan and Innes, Richard and Doble, Patricia and Graham, Libby and Shovelton, Charmaine and Dean, Tessa and Salahuddin, Nawal and Aryal, Diptesh and Koirala, Kanchan and Rai, Namrata and Luitel, Subekshya and Seppelt, Ian and Whitehead, Christina and Lowrey, Julie and Gresham, Rebecca and Masters, Kristy and Hamlyn, Vincent and Hawkins, Nancy and Roynon-Reed, Anna and Cutler, Sean and Lewis, Sarah and Lazaro, Juan and Newman, Tabitha and Duan, Erick and Tsang, Jennifer and Patterson, Lisa and Austin, Pauline and Chapman, Susan and Cabrelli, Louise and Fletcher, Simon and Nortje, Jurgens and Fottrell-Gould, Deirdre and Randell, Georgina and Stammers, Katie and Healey, Gail and Pinto, Marta and Borrill, Zoe and Duncan, Tracy and Ustianowski, Andrew and Uriel, Alison and Eltayeb, Ayaa and Alfonso, Jordan and Hey, Samuel and Shaw, Joanne and Fox, Claire and Lindergard, Gabriella and Charles, Bethan and Blackledge, Bethany and Connolly, Karen and Harris, Jade and Cuesta, Jeronimo and Xavier, Kugan and Purohit, Dharam and Elhassan, Munzir and Haldeos, Anne and Vincent, Rachel and Abdelrazik, Marwa and Jenkins, Samuel and Ganesan, Arunkumar and Kumar, Rohit and Carter, David and Bakthavatsalam, Dhanalakshmi and Frater, Alasdair and Saleem, Malik and Everitt, Robert and Hacking, Danielle and Zaman, Mohsin and Elmahi, Einas and Jones, Andrea and Hall, Kathryn and Mills, Gary and Raithatha, Ajay and Bauchmuller, Kris and Ryalls, Kim and Harrington, Kate and Bowler, Helen and Sall, Jas and Bourne, Richard and Gross, Jamie and Massey, Natalie and Adebambo, Olumide and Long, Matilda and Tony, Kiran and Juffermans, Nicole and Koopmans, Matty and Dujardin, Romein and Alderink, Bashar and Rowland, Matthew and Hutton, Paula and Bashyal, Archana and Davidson, Neil and Hird, Clare and Chhablani, Manish and Phalod, Gunjan and Kirkby, Amy and Archer, Simon and Netherton, Kimberley and Reschreiter, Henrik and Camsooksai, Julie and Patch, Sarah and Jenkins, Sarah and Humphrey, Charlotte and Kruger, Peter and Walsham, James and Meyer, Jason and Harward, Meg and Venz, Ellen and Sathe, Sonia and Roche, Lisa and Davies, Ellie and Skinner, Denise and Gaylard, Jane and Newman, Julie and Pogson, David and Rose, Steve and Daly, Zoe and Brimfield, Lutece and Nown, Angie and Parekh, Dhruv and Bergin, Colin and Bates, Michelle and McGhee, Christopher and Lynch, Daniella and Bhandal, Khushpreet and Tsakiridou, Kyriaki and Bamford, Amy and Cooper, Lauren and Whitehouse, Tony and Veenith, Tonny and Forster, Elliot and O'Connell, Martin and Sim, Malcolm and Hay, Sophie and Henderson, Steven and Nygren, Maria and Valentine, Eliza and Katary, Amro and Bell, Gillian and Wilcox, Louise and Mataliotakis, Michail and Smith, Paul and Ali, Murtaza and Isguzar, Agah and Phull, Mandeep-Kaur and Zaidi, Abbas and Pogreban, Tatiana and Rosaroso, Lace and Harvey, Daniel and Lowe, Benjamin and Meredith, Megan and Ryan, Lucy and Schouten, Jeroen and Pickkers, Peter and Roovers, Noortje and Klop-Riehl, Margreet and Van Der Eng, Hetty and Sloots-Cuppen, Sonja and Preijers, Lieke and Van Oosten, Nienke and Moine, Pierre and Heming, Nicholas and Maxime, Virginie and Bossard, Isabelle and Nicholier, Tiphaine and Clair, Bernard and Orlikowski, David and Bounab, Rania and Abdeladim, Lilia and Sy, Eric and Mailman, Jonathan and Lee, Stephen and Gupta, Chiraag and Kassir, Sandy and López, Rafael and Rodríguez-Gómez, Jorge and Cárcel, Sheila and Carmona, Rosario and de la Fuente, Carmen and Rodriguez, Marina and Jan Hassing, Robert and Greven, Frances and Huijbens, Danique and Roebers, Harald and Miles, Helen and Attokaran, Antony and Buehner, Ulrike and Williams, Erin and Gluck, Samuel and O’Connor, Stephanie and Chapman, Marianne and Glasby, Kathleen and Kutsogiannis, Demetrios and Thompson, Patricia and Rooney, Kevin and Rodden, Natalie and Thomson, Nicola and McGlynn, Deborah and Abel, Lynn and Gemmell, Lisa and Sundaram, Radha and Hornsby, James and Walden, Andrew and Keating, Liza and Frise, Matthew and Rai, Sabi and Bartley, Shauna and Schuster-Bruce, Martin and Pitts, Sally and Miln, Rebecca and Purandare, Laura and Vamplew, Luke and Patel, Brijesh and Dempster, Debra and Gummadi, Mahitha and Dormand, Natalie and Wang, Shu and Spivey, Michael and Bean, Sarah and Burt, Karen and Moore, Lorraine and Hammonds, Fiona and Richards, Carol and Campbell, Lewis and Smyth, Kirsty and Phillips, Margaret and Day, Christopher and Zitter, Letizia and Benyon, Sarah and Singh, Jayaprakash and Lynch, Ceri and Mikusek, Justyna and Deacon, Bethan and Turner, Keri and Baker, Evelyn and Hickey, John and Champanerkar, Shreekant and Aitken, Lindianne and LewisProsser, Lorraine and Ahmad, Norfaizan and Wiles, Matt and Willson, Jayne and Grecu, Irina and Martin, Jane and Wrey Brown, Caroline and Arias, Ana-Marie and Bevan, Emily and Westlake, Samantha and Craven, Thomas and Hope, David and Singleton, Jo and Clark, Sarah and McCulloch, Corrienne and Biddie, Simon and Welters, Ingeborg and Hamilton, David and Williams, Karen and Waugh, Victoria and Shaw, David and Mulla, Suleman and Waite, Alicia and Roman, Jaime and Martinez, Maria and Johnston, Brian and Puthucheary, Zudin and Martin, Timothy and Santos, Filipa and Uddin, Ruzena and Fernandez, Maria and Seidu, Fatima and Somerville, Alastair and Pakats, Mari-Liis and Begum, Salma and Shahid, Tasnin and Presneill, Jeffrey and Barge, Deborah and Byrne, Kathleen and Driscoll, Alana and Fortune, Louise and Janin, Pierre and Yarad, Elizabeth and Bass, Frances and Hammond, Naomi and O’Connor, Anne and Vuylsteke, Alain and Chan, Charles and Victor, Saji and Waterson, Sharon and McNamara, Robert and Gattas, David and Buhr, Heidi and Coles, Jennifer and Matsa, Ramprasad and Gellamucho, Minerva and Creagh-Brown, Ben and Marriot, Cheryl and Salberg, Armorel and Zouita, Louisa and Stone, Sarah and Michalak, Natalia and Donlon, Sinead and Mtuwa, Shelia and Mayangao, Irving and Verula, Jerik and Burda, Dorota and Harris, Celia and Jones, Emily and Bradley, Paul and Tarr, Esther and Harden, Lesley and Piercy, Charlie and Nolan, Jerry and Kerslake, Ian and Cook, Tim and Simpson, Tom and Dalton, James and Demetriou, Carrie and Mitchard, Sarah and Ramos, Lidia and White, Katie and Johnson, Toby and Headdon, William and Spencer, Stephen and White, Alison and Howie, Lucy and Reay, Michael and Jenkins, Steve and Watts, Angela and Traverse, Eleanor and Jennings, Stacey and Anumakonda, Vikram and Tuckwell, Caroline and Pearson, Karen and Harrow, Kath and Matthews, Julie and McGarry, Karen and Moore, Vanessa and Smith, Lucie and Summerfield, Anna and Dark, Paul and Harvey, Alice and Doonan, Reece and McMorrow, Liam and Knowles, Karen and Pendlebury, Jessica and Lee, Stephanie and Perez, Jane and Marsden, Tracy and Taylor, Melanie and Michael, Angiy and Collis, Matthew and Claxton, Andrew and Habeichi, Wadih and Horner, Dan and Slaughter, Melanie and Thomas, Vicky and Proudfoot, Nicola and Keatley, Claire and Donnison, Phil and Casey, Ruth and Irving, Ben and Matimba-Mupaya, Wadzanai and Reed, Catherine and Anthony, Alpha and Trim, Fiona and Cambalova, Lenka and Robertson, Debra and Wilson, Anna and Hulme, Jonathan and Kannan, Santhana and Kinney, Fiona and Senya, Ho and Hayes, Anne and Ratnam, Valli and Gill, Mandy and Kirk, Jill and Shelton, Sarah and Schweikert, Sacha and Wibrow, Bradley and Anstey, Matthew and Rauniyar, Rashmi and Khoso, Nasir and Asif, Namra and Taqdees, Huda and Frey, Christian and Scano, Riccardo and McKee, Madeleine and Murphy, Peter and Thomas, Matt and Worner, Ruth and Faulkner, Beverley and Gendall, Emma and Hayes, Kati and Blakemore, Hayley and Borislavova, Borislava and Deshpande, Kush and Konecny, Pam and Miller, Jennene and Kintono, Adeline and Tung, Raymond and Hayes, Leanne and Murphy, Lorna and Neill, Andy and Reidy, Bryan and O’Dwyer, Michael and Ryan, Donal and Ainscough, Kate and Hamilton-Davies, Colin and Chan, Carmen and Mfuko, Celina and Abbass, Hakam and Mandadapu, Vineela and Leaver, Susannah and Patel, Kamal and Farnell-Ward, Sarah and Saluzzio, Romina and Rawlins, Sam and Sicat, Christine and De Keulenaer, Adrian and Ferrier, Janet and Fysh, Ed and Dawda, Ashlish and Mevavala, Bhaumik and Cook, Deborah and Clarke, Frances and Banach, Dorota and Fernández De Pinedo Artaraz, Ziortza and Cabreros, Leilani and Latham, Victoria and Kruisselbrink, Rebecca and Brochard, Laurent and Burns, Karen and Sandhu, Gyan and Khalid, Imrana and White, Ian and Croft, Maria and Holland, Nicky and Pereira, Rita and Nair, Priya and Buscher, Hergen and Reynolds, Claire and Newman, Sally and Santamaria, John and Barbazza, Leanne and Homes, Jennifer and Smith, Roger and Zaki, Ahmed and Johnson, David and Garrard, Hywel and Juhaz, Vera and Brown, Louise and Pemberton, Abigail and Roy, Alistair and Rostron, Anthony and Woods, Lindsey and Cornell, Sarah and Fowler, Rob and Adhikari, Neill and Kamra, Maneesha and Marinoff, Nicole and Garrett, Peter and Murray, Lauren and Brailsford, Jane and Forbes, Loretta and Maguire, Teena and Fennessy, Gerard and Mulder, John and Morgan, Rebecca and McEldrew, Rebecca and Pillai, Suresh and Harford, Rachel and Ivatt, Helen and Evans, Debra and Richards, Suzanne and Roberts, Eilir and Bowen, James and Ainsworth, James and Kuitunen, Anne and Karlsson, Sari and Vahtera, Annukka and Kiiski, Heikki and Ristimäki, Sanna and Albrett, Jonathan and Jackson, Carolyn and Kirkham, Simon and Tamme, Kadri and Reinhard, Veronika and Ellervee, Anneli and Põldots, Liisi and Rennit, Pille and Svitškar, Nikolai and Browne, Troy and Grimwade, Kate and Goodson, Jennifer and Keet, Owen and Callender, Owen and Udy, Andrew and McCracken, Phoebe and Young, Meredith and Board, Jasmin and Martin, Emma and Kasipandian, Vidya and Patel, Amit and Allibone, Suzanne and Mary-Genetu, Roman and English, Shane and Watpool, Irene and Porteous, Rebecca and Miezitis, Sydney and McIntyre, Lauralyn and Brady, Kara and Vale, Cassandra and Shekar, Kiran and Lavana, Jayshree and Parmar, Dinesh and Peake, Sandra and Kurenda, Catherine and Hormis, Anil and Walker, Rachel and Collier, Dawn and Kimpton, Sarah and Oakley, Susan and Bhagani, Sanjay and De Neef, Mark and Garcia, Sara and Maharajh, Amitaa and Nandani, Aarti and Dobson, Jade and Fernando, Gloria and Eastgate, Christine and Gomez, Keith and Abdi, Zakee and Tatham, Kate and Jhanji, Shaman and Black, Ethel and Dela Rosa, Arnold and Howle, Ryan and Baikady, Ravishankar and Tully, Redmond and Drummond, Andrew and Dearden, Joy and Philbin, Jennifer and Munt, Sheila and Gopal, Shameer and Pooni, Jagtar- Singh and Ganguly, Saibal and Smallwood, Andrew and Metherell, Stella and Naeem, Anas and Fagan, Laura and Ryan, Emily and Mariappa, Vasanth and Smith, Judith and Foulds, Angela and Revill, Adam and Bhattarai, Binita and De Jonge, Evert and Wigbers, Jeanette and del Prado, Michael and Cremer, Olaf and Mulier, Jelle and Peters, Anna and Romberg, Birgit and Schutgens, Roger and Troeman, Darren and van Opdorp, Marjolein and Besten, Henny and Brakké, Karen and Barber, Russell and Hilldrith, Anette and Kluge, Stefan and Nierhaus, Axel and Jarczak, Dominik and Roedl, Kevin and Kochanek, Matthias and Rueß-Paterno, Giusi and Mc-Kenzie, Josette and Eichenauer, Dennis and Shimabukuro-Vornhagen, Alexander and Wilcox, Elizabeth and Del Sorbo, Lorenzo and Abdelhady, Hesham and Romagnuolo, Tina and Simpson, Scott and Maiden, Matthew and Bone, Allison and Horton, Michelle and Salerno, Tania and Krajinovic, Vladimir and Kutleša, Marko and Kotarski, Viktor and Brohi, Farooq and Jagannathan, Vijay and Clark, Michele and Purvis, Sarah and Wetherill, Bill and Brajković, Ana and Babel, Jakša and Sever, Helena and Dragija, Lidija and Kušan, Ira and Dushianthan, Ahilanandan and Cusack, Rebecca and De Courcy-Golder, Kim and Salmon, Karen and Burnish, Rachel and Smith, Simon and Jackson, Susan and Ruiz, Winningtom and Duke, Zoe and Johns, Magaret and Male, Michelle and Gladas, Kirsty and Virdee, Satwinder and Swabe, Jacqueline and Tomlinson, Helen and Rohde, Gernot and Grünewaldt, Achim and Bojunga, Jörg and Petros, Sirak and Kunz, Kevin and Schütze, Bianka and Weismann, Dirk and Frey, Anna and Drayss, Maria and Goebeler, M.E. and Flor, Thomas and Fragner, Gertrud and Wahl, Nadine and Totzke, Juliane and Sayehli, Cyrus and Bewley, Jeremy and Sweet, Katie and Grimmer, Lisa and Johnson, Rebekah and Wyatt, Rachel and Morgan, Karen and Varghese, Siby and Willis, Joanna and Stratton, Emma and Kyle, Laura and Putensen, Daniel and Drury, Kay and Skorko, Agnieszka and Bremmer, Pamela and Ward, Geraldine and Bassford, Christopher and Sligl, Wendy and Baig, Nadia and Rewa, Oleksa and Bagshaw, Sean and Basile, Kim and Stavor, Dara and Burbee, Dylan and McNamara, Amanda and Wunderley, Renee and Bensen, Nicole and Richardson, Aaron and Adams, Peter and Vita, Tina and Buhay, Megan and Scholl, Denise and Gilliam, Matthew and Winters, James and Doherty, Kaleigh and Berryman, Emily and Ghaffari, Mehrdad and Marroquin, Oscar and Quinn, Kevin and Garrard, William and Kalchthaler, Kyle and Beard, Gregory and Skrtich, Aimee and Bagavathy, Kavitha and Drapola, Debra and Bryan-Morris, Kayla and Arnold, John and Reynolds, Bob and Hussain, Mahwish and Dunsavage, Janice and Saiyed, Salim and Hernandez, Erik and Goldman, John and Brown, Cynthia and Comp, Susan and Raczek, James and Morris, Jenny and Vargas Jr., Jesus and Weiss, Daniel and Hensley, Joseph and Kochert, Erik and Wnuk, Chris and Nemeth, Christopher and Mowery, Brent and Hutchinson, Christina and Winters, Lauren and McAdams, David and Walker, Gena and Minnier, Tami and Wisniewski, Mary and Mayak, Katelyn and McCreary, Erin and Martin, Elise and Bariola, Ryan and Viehman, Alex and Daley, Jessica and Lopus, Alyssa and Schmidhofer, Mark and Ambrosino, Richard and Keen, Sherbrina and Toffalo, Sue and Stambaugh, Martha and Trimmer, Ken and Perri, Reno and Casali, Sherry and Medva, Rebecca and Massar, Brent and Beyerl, Ashley and Burkey, Jason and Keeler, Sheryl and Lowery, Maryalyce and Oncea, Lynne and Daugherty, Jason and Sevilla, Chanthou and Woelke, Amy and Dice, Julie and Weber, Lisa and Roth, Jason and Ferringer, Cindy and Beer, Deborah and Fesz, Jessica and Carpio, Lillian and Colin, Gwenhael and Zinzoni, Vanessa and Maquigneau, Natacha and Henri-Lagarrigue, Matthieu and Pouplet, Caroline and Reill, Lorenz and Distler, Michael and Maselli, Astrid and Martynoga, Robert and Trask, Kara and Butler, Amelia and Attwood, Ben and Parsons, Penny and Campbell, Bridget and Smith, Alex and Page, Valerie and Zhao, Xiao and Oza, Deepali and Abrahamson, Gail and Sheath, Ben and Ellis, Chiara and Young, Paul and Young, Chelsea and Lesona, Eden and Navarra, Leanlove and Cruz, Raulle and Delaney, Kirsha and Cruz, Rhoze and Aguilar-Dano, April and Rhodes, Jonathan and Anderson, Thomas and Morris, Sheila and Fuchs, Ralph and Lambert, Bridget and Tai, Charlotte and Thomas, Amy and Keen, Alexandra and Tierney, Carey and Omer, Nimca and Bacon, Gina and Tridente, Ascanio and Shuker, Karen and Anders, Jeanette and Greer, Sandra and Scott, Paula and Millington, Amy and Buchanan, Philip and Kirk, Jodie and Binnie, Alexandra and Powell, Elizabeth and McMillan, Alexandra and Luk, Tracy and Aref, Noah and Denmade, Craig and Sadera, Girendra and Jacob, Reni and Jones, Cathy and Hughes, Debbie and Sterba, Martin and Geng, Wenli and Digby, Stephen and Southern, David and Reddy, Harsha and Hulse, Sarah and Campbell, Andrew and Garton, Mark and Watkins, Claire and Smuts, Sara and Quinn, Alison and Simpson, Benjamin and McMillan, Catherine and Finch, Cheryl and Hill, Claire and Cooper, Josh and Budd, Joanna and Small, Charlotte and O’Leary, Ryan and Birch, Janine and Collins, Emma and Holland, Andrew and Alexander, Peter and Felton, Tim and Ferguson, Susan and Sellers, Katharine and Ward, Luke and Yates, David and Birkinshaw, Isobel and Kell, Kay and Scott, Zoe and Pearson, Harriet and Hashmi, Madiha and Ali, Maryam and Hassan, Noor and Panjwani, Ashok and Umrani, Zulfiqar and Shaikh, Mohiuddin and Siddiqui, Ayesha and Ain, Quratul and Kanwal, Darakhshan and Van Bree, Sjoerd and Bouw-Ruiter, Marianne and Osinga, Margreet and Van Zanten, Arthur and Zammit, Claire and Rashan, Sumayyah and Azergui, Nora and Bari, Sara and Beltran, Mercedes and Brugman, Curt and Groeneveld, Erika and Jafarzadeh, Mina and Keijzer-Timmers, Nicole and Kester, Esmee and Koelink, Maaike and Kwakkenbos-Craanen, Marion and Okundaye, Clementina and Parker, Lorraine and Peters, Svenja and Post, Sophie and Rietveld, Ilse and Scheepstra-Beukers, Irma and Schreuder, Gerwin and Smit, Albertine and Brillinger, Nicole and Markgraf, René and Eichinger, Fred and Doran, Peter and Anjum, Aisha and Best-Lane, Janis and Fagbodun, Elizabeth and Barton, Frances and Charles, Walton and Miller, Lorna and Parry-Billings, Karen and Peters, Sam and Richards-Belle, Alvin and Saull, Michelle and Sprinckmoller, Stefan and Wiley, Daisy and Darnell, Robert and Au, Carly and Stronach, Lucy and Burrell, Aidan and Forbes, Andrew and Heritier, Stephane and Saxena, Manoj and Trapani, Tony and Cuthbertson, Brian and Manoharan, Venika and Dondrop, Arjen and Jayakumar, Deva and Ehrmann, Stephan and Hullegie, Sebastiaan and Povoa, Pedro and Beasley, Richard and Daneman, Nick and Fowler, Robert and McGloughlin, Steve and Paterson, David and Venkatesh, Bala and De Jong, Menno and Uyeki, Tim and Baillie, Kenneth and Hashmi, Madhia and Netea, Mihai and Orr, Katrina and Patanwala, Asad and Tong, Steve and Cooper, Nichola and Galea, James and Ogungbenro, Kayode and Patawala, Asad and Rademaker, Emma and Tong, Steven and Youngstein, Taryn and Fergusson, Dean and Kumar, Anand and Laffan, Mike and Lother, Sylvain and De Man, Angelique and Masse, Marie-Helene and Abraham, Jacinta and Arnold, Donald and Begin, Phillipe and Charlewood, Richard and Chasse, Michael and Cooper, Jamie and Coyne, Mark and Daly, James and Gosbell, Iain and Harvala-Simmonds, Heli and MacLennan, Sheila and McDyer, John and Menon, David and Pridee, Nicole and Roberts, David and Thomas, Helen and Tinmouth, Alan and Triulzi, Darrell and Walsh, Tim and Wood, Erica and Calfee, Carolyn and O’Kane, Cecilia and Shyamsundar, Murali and Sinha, Pratik and Thompson, Taylor and Young, Ian and Ferguson, Niall and Hodgson, Carol and Orford, Neil and Phua, Jason and Baron, Rebecca and Epelman, Slava and Frankfurter, Claudia and Gommans, Frank and Kim, Edy and Leaf, David and Vaduganathan, Muthiah and van Kimmenade, Roland and Sanil, Ashish and van Beurden, Marloes and Effelaar, Evelien and Schotsman, Joost and Boyd, Craig and Harland, Cain and Shearer, Audrey and Wren, Jess and Clermont, Giles and Ricketts, Daniel and Attanayaka, Udara and Darshana, Sri and Ishani, Pramodya and Udayanga, Ishara and Bradbury, Charlotte A. and Lawler, Patrick R. and Stanworth, Simon J. and McVerry, Bryan J. and McQuilten, Zoe and Higgins, Alisa M. and Mouncey, Paul R. and Al-Beidh, Farah and Rowan, Kathryn M. and Berry, Lindsay R. and Lorenzi, Elizabeth and Zarychanski, Ryan and Arabi, Yaseen M. and Annane, Djillali and Beane, Abi and Van Bentum-Puijk, Wilma and Bhimani, Zahra and Bihari, Shailesh and Bonten, Marc J. M. and Brunkhorst, Frank M. and Buzgau, Adrian and Buxton, Meredith and Carrier, Marc and Cheng, Allen C. and Cove, Matthew and Detry, Michelle A. and Estcourt, Lise J. and Fitzgerald, Mark and Girard, Timothy D. and Goligher, Ewan C. and Goossens, Herman and Haniffa, Rashan and Hills, Thomas and Huang, David T. and Horvat, Christopher M. and Hunt, Beverley J. and Ichihara, Nao and Lamontagne, Francois and Leavis, Helen L. and Linstrum, Kelsey M. and Litton, Edward and Marshall, John C. and McAuley, Daniel F. and McGlothlin, Anna and McGuinness, Shay P. and Middeldorp, Saskia and Montgomery, Stephanie K. and Morpeth, Susan C. and Murthy, Srinivas and Neal, Matthew D. and Nichol, Alistair D. and Parke, Rachael L. and Parker, Jane C. and Reyes, Luis F. and Saito, Hiroki and Santos, Marlene S. and Saunders, Christina T. and Serpa-Neto, Ary and Seymour, Christopher W. and Shankar-Hari, Manu and Singh, Vanessa and Tolppa, Timo and Turgeon, Alexis F. and Turner, Anne M. and Van De Veerdonk, Frank L. and Green, Cameron and Lewis, Roger J. and Angus, Derek C. and McArthur, Colin J. and Berry, Scott and Derde, Lennie P. G. and Webb, Steve A. and Gordon, Anthony C.},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {1247},
}

@article{bennett_comparison_2022,
	title = {Comparison of group {A} streptococcal titres in healthy children and those with pharyngitis and skin infections},
	volume = {84},
	issn = {01634453},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0163445321005302},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jinf.2021.10.014},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Journal of Infection},
	author = {Bennett, Julie and Moreland, Nicole J and Williamson, Deborah A and Carapetis, Jonathan and Crane, Julian and Whitcombe, Alana L and Jack, Susan and Harwood, Matire and Baker, Michael G},
	month = jan,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {24--30},
}

@article{beasley_evaluation_2022,
	title = {Evaluation of {Budesonide}-{Formoterol} for {Maintenance} and {Reliever} {Therapy} {Among} {Patients} {With} {Poorly} {Controlled} {Asthma}: {A} {Systematic} {Review} and {Meta}-analysis},
	volume = {5},
	issn = {2574-3805},
	shorttitle = {Evaluation of {Budesonide}-{Formoterol} for {Maintenance} and {Reliever} {Therapy} {Among} {Patients} {With} {Poorly} {Controlled} {Asthma}},
	url = {https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2789512},
	doi = {10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.0615},
	language = {en},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {JAMA Network Open},
	author = {Beasley, Richard and Harrison, Tim and Peterson, Stefan and Gustafson, Per and Hamblin, Angus and Bengtsson, Thomas and Fagerås, Malin},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e220615},
}

@article{barnett_thoracic_2022,
	title = {Thoracic {Society} of {Australia} and {New} {Zealand} {Position} {Statement} on {Acute} {Oxygen} {Use} in {Adults}: ‘{Swimming} between the flags’},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {1323-7799, 1440-1843},
	shorttitle = {Thoracic {Society} of {Australia} and {New} {Zealand} {Position} {Statement} on {Acute} {Oxygen} {Use} in {Adults}},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/resp.14218},
	doi = {10.1111/resp.14218},
	abstract = {Abstract 
            Oxygen is a life‐saving therapy but, when given inappropriately, may also be hazardous. Therefore, in the acute medical setting, oxygen should only be given as treatment for hypoxaemia and requires appropriate prescription, monitoring and review. This update to the Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand (TSANZ) guidance on acute oxygen therapy is a brief and practical resource for all healthcare workers involved with administering oxygen therapy to adults in the acute medical setting. It does not apply to intubated or paediatric patients. Recommendations are made in the following six clinical areas: assessment of hypoxaemia (including use of arterial blood gases); prescription of oxygen; peripheral oxygen saturation targets; delivery, including non‐invasive ventilation and humidified high‐flow nasal cannulae; the significance of high oxygen requirements; and acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. There are three sections which provide (1) a brief summary, (2) recommendations in detail with practice points and (3) a detailed explanation of the reasoning and evidence behind the recommendations. It is anticipated that these recommendations will be disseminated widely in structured programmes across Australia and New Zealand.},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Respirology},
	author = {Barnett, Adrian and Beasley, Richard and Buchan, Catherine and Chien, Jimmy and Farah, Claude S. and King, Gregory and McDonald, Christine F. and Miller, Belinda and Munsif, Maitri and Psirides, Alex and Reid, Lynette and Roberts, Mary and Smallwood, Natasha and Smith, Sheree},
	month = apr,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {262--276},
}

@article{balthazar_cowden_2022,
	title = {Cowden {Syndrome}},
	volume = {42},
	issn = {0271-5333, 1527-1323},
	url = {http://pubs.rsna.org/doi/10.1148/rg.210230},
	doi = {10.1148/rg.210230},
	language = {en},
	number = {2},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {RadioGraphics},
	author = {Balthazar, Patricia and Klontzas, Michail E. and Heng, Lauren X.X. and Kearns, Ciléin},
	month = mar,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {E44--E45},
}

@article{baggott_epinephrine_2022,
	title = {Epinephrine (adrenaline) compared to selective beta-2-agonist in adults or children with acute asthma: a systematic review and meta-analysis},
	volume = {77},
	issn = {0040-6376, 1468-3296},
	shorttitle = {Epinephrine (adrenaline) compared to selective beta-2-agonist in adults or children with acute asthma},
	url = {https://thorax.bmj.com/lookup/doi/10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217124},
	doi = {10.1136/thoraxjnl-2021-217124},
	abstract = {Background 
               
                International asthma guidelines recommend against epinephrine (adrenaline) administration in acute asthma unless associated with anaphylaxis or angio-oedema. However, administration of intramuscular epinephrine in addition to nebulised selective β 
                2 
                -agonist is recommended for acute severe or life-threatening asthma in many prehospital guidelines. We conducted a systematic review to determine the efficacy of epinephrine in comparison to selective β 
                2 
                -agonist in acute asthma. 
               
             
             
              Methods 
               
                We included peer-reviewed publications of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that enrolled children or adults in any healthcare setting and compared epinephrine by any route to selective β 
                2 
                -agonist by any route for an acute asthma exacerbation. The primary outcome was treatment failure, including hospitalisation, need for intubation or death. 
               
             
             
              Results 
               
                Thirty-eight of 1140 studies were included. Overall quality of evidence was low. Seventeen studies contributed data on 1299 participants to the meta-analysis. There was significant statistical heterogeneity, I 
                2 
                =56\%. The pooled Peto’s OR for treatment failure with epinephrine versus selective β 
                2 
                -agonist was 0.99 (0.75 to 1.32), p=0.95. There was strong evidence that recruitment age group was associated with different estimates of the odds of treatment failure; with studies recruiting adults-only having lower odds of treatment failure with epinephrine. It was not possible to determine whether epinephrine in addition to selective β 
                2 
                -agonist improved outcomes. 
               
             
             
              Conclusion 
               
                The low-quality evidence available suggests that epinephrine and selective β 
                2 
                -agonists have similar efficacy in acute asthma. There is a need for high-quality double-blind RCTs to determine whether addition of intramuscular epinephrine to inhaled or nebulised selective β 
                2 
                -agonist improves outcome. 
               
             
             
              PROSPERO registration number 
              CRD42017079472.},
	language = {en},
	number = {6},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Thorax},
	author = {Baggott, Christina and Hardy, Jo Katherine and Sparks, Jenny and Sabbagh, Doñah and Beasley, Richard and Weatherall, Mark and Fingleton, James},
	month = jun,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {563--572},
}

@article{armour_endometriosis_2022,
	title = {Endometriosis and {Cannabis} {Consumption} {During} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}: {An} {International} {Cross}-{Sectional} {Survey}},
	volume = {7},
	copyright = {https://www.liebertpub.com/nv/resources-tools/text-and-data-mining-policy/121/},
	issn = {2578-5125, 2378-8763},
	shorttitle = {Endometriosis and {Cannabis} {Consumption} {During} the {COVID}-19 {Pandemic}},
	url = {https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/10.1089/can.2021.0162},
	doi = {10.1089/can.2021.0162},
	language = {en},
	number = {4},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research},
	author = {Armour, Mike and Sinclair, Justin and Cheng, Junipearl and Davis, Preston and Hameed, Aaish and Meegahapola, Harini and Rajashekar, Krithika and Suresh, Sunethra and Proudfoot, Andrew and Leonardi, Mathew},
	month = aug,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {473--481},
}

@article{armour_evaluation_2022,
	title = {Evaluation of a web-based resource to improve menstrual health literacy and self-management in young women},
	volume = {162},
	issn = {00223999},
	url = {https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022399922003233},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychores.2022.111038},
	language = {en},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Journal of Psychosomatic Research},
	author = {Armour, Mike and Parry, Kelly and Curry, Christina and Ferfolja, Tania and Parker, Melissa A. and Farooqi, Toobah and MacMillan, Freya and Smith, Caroline A. and Holmes, Kathryn},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {111038},
}

@article{armour_endometriosis_2022-1,
	title = {Endometriosis and the workplace: {Lessons} from {Australia}’s response to {COVID}‐19},
	volume = {62},
	issn = {0004-8666, 1479-828X},
	shorttitle = {Endometriosis and the workplace},
	url = {https://obgyn.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ajo.13458},
	doi = {10.1111/ajo.13458},
	abstract = {Endometriosis is known to impact work productivity. The COVID‐19 pandemic resulted in a shift in working practices for many, with an increase in working from home and/or flexible working hours. The aim of this online cross‐sectional study was to determine if these changes resulted in changes in symptom management and productivity in Australian people with endometriosis. Three hundred and eighty‐nine people responded to the survey. The majority of respondents found that their endometriosis symptoms were much easier to manage, and they were more productive. A key factor was flexibility in work hours and the increased ability to self‐manage their time.},
	language = {en},
	number = {1},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology},
	author = {Armour, Mike and Ciccia, Donna and Stoikos, Chelsea and Wardle, Jon},
	month = feb,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {164--167},
}

@article{armour_lessons_2022,
	title = {Lessons from implementing the {Australian} {National} {Action} {Plan} for {Endometriosis}},
	volume = {3},
	issn = {2633-8386},
	url = {https://raf.bioscientifica.com/view/journals/raf/3/3/RAF-22-0003.xml},
	doi = {10.1530/RAF-22-0003},
	abstract = {Graphical abstract 
               
                 
               
             
             
              Abstract 
              Endometriosis is a common yet under-recognised chronic disease with one in nine (more than 830,000) women and those assigned female at birth diagnosed with endometriosis by the age of 44 years in Australia. In 2018, Australia was the first country to develop a roadmap and blueprint to tackle endometriosis in a nationwide, coordinated manner. This blueprint is outlined in the National Action Plan for Endometriosis (NAPE), created from a partnership between government, endometriosis experts and advocacy groups. The NAPE aims to improve patient outcomes in the areas of awareness and education, clinical management and care and research. As researchers and clinicians are working to improve the lives of those with endometriosis, we discuss our experiences since the launch of the plan to highlight areas of consideration by other countries when developing research priorities and clinical plans. Historically, major barriers for those with endometriosis have been twofold; first, obtaining a diagnosis and secondly, effective symptom management post-diagnosis. In recent years, there have been calls to move away from the historically accepted ‘gold-standard’ surgical diagnosis and single-provider specialist care. As there are currently no reliable biomarkers for endometriosis diagnosis, specialist endometriosis scans and MRI incorporating artificial intelligence offer a novel method of visualisation and promising affordable non-invasive diagnostic tool incorporating well-established technologies. The recognised challenges of ongoing pain and symptom management, a holistic interdisciplinary care approach and access to a chronic disease management plan, could lead to improved patient outcomes while reducing healthcare costs. 
             
             
              Lay summary 
              Endometriosis is a chronic disease where tissue like the lining of the uterus is found in other locations around the body. For the 830,000 people living with endometriosis in Australia, this often results in an immense burden on all aspects of daily life. In 2018, Australia was the first country to introduce a roadmap and blueprint to tackle endometriosis in a nationwide coordinated manner with the National Action Plan for Endometriosis. This plan was created as a partnership between government, endometriosis experts and advocacy groups. There are several other countries who are now considering similar plans to address the burden of endometriosis. As researchers and clinicians are working to improve the lives of those with endometriosis, we share our experiences and discuss areas that should be considered when developing these national plans, including diagnostic pathways without the need for surgery, and building new centres of expertise in Endometriosis and Pelvic Pain.},
	number = {3},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Reproduction and Fertility},
	author = {Armour, Mike and Avery, Jodie and Leonardi, Mathew and Van Niekerk, Leesa and Druitt, Marilla L and Parker, Melissa A and Girling, Jane E and McKinnon, Brett and Mikocka-Walus, Antonina and Ng, Cecilia H M and O’Hara, Rebecca and Ciccia, Donna and Stanley, Katherine and Evans, Subhadra},
	month = jul,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {C29--C39},
}

@article{agusti_treatable_2022,
	title = {Treatable traits in the {NOVELTY} study},
	volume = {27},
	issn = {1323-7799, 1440-1843},
	url = {https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/resp.14325},
	doi = {10.1111/resp.14325},
	abstract = {Abstract 
             
              Background and objective 
              Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are two prevalent and complex diseases that require personalized management. Although a strategy based on treatable traits (TTs) has been proposed, the prevalence and relationship of TTs to the diagnostic label and disease severity established by the attending physician in a real‐world setting are unknown. We assessed how the presence/absence of specific TTs relate to the diagnosis and severity of ‘asthma’, ‘COPD’ or ‘asthma + COPD’. 
             
             
              Methods 
               
                The authors selected 30 frequently occurring TTs from the NOVELTY study cohort (NOVEL observational longiTudinal studY; NCT02760329), a large ( 
                n 
                 = 11,226), global study that systematically collects data in a real‐world setting, both in primary care clinics and specialized centres, for patients with ‘asthma’ ( 
                n 
                 = 5932, 52.8\%), ‘COPD’ ( 
                n 
                 = 3898, 34.7\%) or both (‘asthma + COPD’; 
                n 
                 = 1396, 12.4\%). 
               
             
             
              Results 
               
                The results indicate that (1) the prevalence of the 30 TTs evaluated varied widely, with a mean ± SD of 4.6 ± 2.6, 5.4 ± 2.6 and 6.4 ± 2.8 TTs/patient in those with ‘asthma’, ‘COPD’ and ‘asthma + COPD’, respectively ( 
                p 
                 {\textless} 0.0001); (2) there were no large global geographical variations, but the prevalence of TTs was different in primary versus specialized clinics; (3) several TTs were specific to the diagnosis and severity of disease, but many were not; and (4) both the presence and absence of TTs formed a pattern that is recognized by clinicians to establish a diagnosis and grade its severity. 
               
             
             
              Conclusion 
              These results provide the largest and most granular characterization of TTs in patients with airway diseases in a real‐world setting to date. 
             
          ,  
            This study shows which treatable traits are present and/or absent in patients diagnosed with ‘asthma’, ‘COPD’ (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and ‘asthma + COPD’ in a global, observational study of more than 11,000 patients (NOVELTY), and how their prevalence changes with disease severity. 
             
              See related 
              Editorial},
	language = {en},
	number = {11},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {Respirology},
	author = {Agustí, Alvar and Rapsomaniki, Eleni and Beasley, Richard and Hughes, Rod and Müllerová, Hana and Papi, Alberto and Pavord, Ian D. and Van Den Berge, Maarten and Faner, Rosa and {for the NOVELTY Study Investigators}},
	month = nov,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {929--940},
}

@article{adhikari_lessening_2022,
	title = {Lessening {Organ} {Dysfunction} {With} {Vitamin} {C} ({LOVIT}) {Trial}: {Statistical} {Analysis} {Plan}},
	volume = {11},
	issn = {1929-0748},
	shorttitle = {Lessening {Organ} {Dysfunction} {With} {Vitamin} {C} ({LOVIT}) {Trial}},
	url = {https://www.researchprotocols.org/2022/5/e36261},
	doi = {10.2196/36261},
	abstract = {Background 
              The LOVIT (Lessening Organ Dysfunction with Vitamin C) trial is a blinded multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing high-dose intravenous vitamin C to placebo in patients admitted to the intensive care unit with proven or suspected infection as the main diagnosis and receiving a vasopressor. 
             
             
              Objective 
              We aim to describe a prespecified statistical analysis plan (SAP) for the LOVIT trial prior to unblinding and locking of the trial database. 
             
             
              Methods 
              The SAP was designed by the LOVIT principal investigators and statisticians, and approved by the steering committee and coinvestigators. The SAP defines the primary and secondary outcomes, and describes the planned primary, secondary, and subgroup analyses. 
             
             
              Results 
              The SAP includes a draft participant flow diagram, tables, and planned figures. The primary outcome is a composite of mortality and persistent organ dysfunction (receipt of mechanical ventilation, vasopressors, or new renal replacement therapy) at 28 days, where day 1 is the day of randomization. All analyses will use a frequentist statistical framework. The analysis of the primary outcome will estimate the risk ratio and 95\% CI in a generalized linear mixed model with binomial distribution and log link, with site as a random effect. We will perform a secondary analysis adjusting for prespecified baseline clinical variables. Subgroup analyses will include age, sex, frailty, severity of illness, Sepsis-3 definition of septic shock, baseline ascorbic acid level, and COVID-19 status. 
             
             
              Conclusions 
              We have developed an SAP for the LOVIT trial and will adhere to it in the analysis phase. 
             
             
              International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) 
              DERR1-10.2196/36261},
	language = {en},
	number = {5},
	urldate = {2024-05-30},
	journal = {JMIR Research Protocols},
	author = {Adhikari, Neill Kj and Pinto, Ruxandra and Day, Andrew G and Masse, Marie-Hélène and Ménard, Julie and Sprague, Sheila and Annane, Djillali and Arabi, Yaseen M and Battista, Marie-Claude and Cohen, Dian and Cook, Deborah J and Guyatt, Gordon H and Heyland, Daren K and Kanji, Salmaan and McGuinness, Shay P and Parke, Rachael L and Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan, Bharath Kumar and Charbonney, Emmanuel and Chassé, Michaël and Del Sorbo, Lorenzo and Kutsogiannis, Demetrios James and Lauzier, François and Leblanc, Rémi and Maslove, David M and Mehta, Sangeeta and Mekontso Dessap, Armand and Mele, Tina S and Rochwerg, Bram and Rewa, Oleksa G and Shahin, Jason and Twardowski, Pawel and Young, Paul Jeffrey and Lamontagne, François and {LOVIT Investigators}},
	month = may,
	year = {2022},
	pages = {e36261},
}

@article{mistry_survey_2021,
	title = {A survey of self-reported use of cricoid pressure amongst {Australian} and {New} {Zealand} anaesthetists: {Attitudes} and practice},
	volume = {49},
	issn = {0310-057X},
	shorttitle = {A survey of self-reported use of cricoid pressure amongst {Australian} and {New} {Zealand} anaesthetists},
	doi = {10.1177/0310057X20968841},
	abstract = {We conducted a survey of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists designed to quantify self-reported use of cricoid pressure (CP) in patients presumed to be at risk of gastric regurgitation, and to ascertain the underlying justifications used to support individual practice. We aimed to identify the perceived benefits and harms associated with the use of CP and to explore the potential impact of medicolegal concerns on clinical decision-making. We also sought to ascertain the views of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists on whether recommendations relating to CP should be included in airway management guidelines. We designed an electronic survey comprised of 15 questions that was emailed to 981 randomly selected Fellows of the Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) by the ANZCA Clinical Trials Network on behalf of the investigators. We received responses from 348 invitees (response rate 35.5\%). Of the 348 respondents, 267 (76.9\%) indicated that they would routinely use CP for patients determined to be at increased risk of gastric regurgitation. When asked whether participants believed the use of CP reduces the risk of gastric regurgitation, 39.8\% indicated yes, 23.8\% believed no and 36.3\% were unsure. Of the respondents who indicated that they routinely performed CP, 159/267 (60\%) indicated that concerns over the potential medicolegal consequences of omitting CP in a patient who subsequently aspirates was one of the main reasons for using CP. The majority (224/337; 66\%) of respondents believed that recommendations about the use of CP in airway management guidelines should include individual practitioner judgement, while only 55/337 (16\%) respondents believed that routine CP should be advocated in contemporary emergency airway management guidelines.},
	language = {eng},
	number = {1},
	journal = {Anaesthesia and Intensive Care},
	author = {Mistry, Ravi and Frei, Daniel R. and Badenhorst, Chris and Broadbent, James},
	month = jan,
	year = {2021},
	pmid = {33497246},
	keywords = {Anaesthesia, Anesthetists, Attitude, Australia, Cricoid Cartilage, Humans, New Zealand, Self Report, Sellick’s manoeuvre, Surveys and Questionnaires, anaesthetists, aspiration, cricoid pressure, questionnaire, rapid sequence induction, regurgitation, survey},
	pages = {62--69},
}